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The following biography
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Free Encyclopedia.”
Mary Lillian Ellison (July 22, 1923
– November 2, 2007), better known by her ring name The Fabulous Moolah, was an
American female professional wrestler. She began her career working with
promoter Billy Wolfe and his wife, wrestler and trainer Mildred Burke, as well
as working alongside professional wrestler "Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers. She won
the NWA World Women's Championship in 1956 and was the most prominent holder of
the title for approximately the next thirty years.
In the 1980s, she joined the World
Wrestling Federation (WWF) as part of the Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection
storyline, feuding with Cyndi Lauper and Wendi Richter, the latter of whom
defeated her for the WWF Women's Championship in 1984. Ellison was marketed by
the WWF (later World Wrestling Entertainment, WWE) as holding the record for the
longest title reign by any athlete in any professional sport.[1] According to
WWE, she was also the first WWF Women's Champion and held the title a total of
four times.
In addition, Ellison was a
prominent trainer and promoter in woman's professional wrestling. In the 1990s,
she returned to the WWF in a comedic role with longtime friend Mae Young.
Ellison became the oldest champion in the history of professional wrestling when
she won the WWF Women's Championship at age 76, in 1999.
****
Ring name(s) The Fabulous Moolah[1]
Slave Girl Moolah[1]
The Spider[2]
Height 5 ft 4 in[3]
Billed height 5 ft 6 in[4]
Billed weight 138 lb[1][4]
Born July 22, 1923(1923-07-22)
Kershaw County, South Carolina[5]
Died November 2, 2007 (aged 84)
Columbia, South Carolina
Billed from Columbia, South
Carolina[1]
Trained by Mildred Burke[1]
Mae Young[6]
Johnny Long[7]
Debut 1949[1]
****
Early
life
Mary Lillian Ellison was born in
1923 in Kershaw County, South Carolina,[8] and grew up in Tookiedoo, twelve
miles from Columbia.[9][10] The youngest of thirteen children, Ellison was the
only daughter of a part Cherokee father and an Irish mother. Her parents owned a
farm, a grocery store, and a service station.[10]
When her mother died of cancer aged
forty, eight-year-old Ellison went to live with her paternal grandmother and
worked on her cousin's cotton farm to make money. At age ten, Ellison was still
deeply distraught over her mother’s death; to cheer her up, her father took her
to the local wrestling matches. Ellison liked the matches, but it was not until
she saw Women's Champion Mildred Burke wrestle that "they began to mean much
more to me."[11]
Ellison returned to the Columbia
home of her father and brothers.[12] She graduated Columbia High School,[5] but
at age fourteen married twenty-one year old Walter Carroll. They soon became
parents to a daughter.[12][13] A few months after the birth of her daughter, she
divorced Carroll.[12] Still only fifteen, she left her daughter with a friend
and set out on a wrestling career of her own.[12][13][14]
Professional wrestling career
Early
career (1940s–1950s)
Ellison began her wrestling career
with Mildred Burke’s husband Billy Wolfe, the dominant women's promoter of the
time.[15] Her first match was on May 26, 1949 against June Byers at the Boston
Arena.[14] Wolfe was notorious for advising his wrestlers to enter into sexual
relationships with either himself or competing promoters to ensure additional
bookings, a practice with which Ellison refused to go along.[16] She, however,
soon began a romance with wrestler Johnny Long. Long later introduced Ellison to
Jack Pfeffer who gave her the moniker "Slave Girl Moolah".[3][15] By the early
1950s, Moolah was a valet for "Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers, accompanying him to the
ring while providing eye candy for the male audiences and assisting Rogers
against his opponents.[1][3] Ellison broke up the partnership because Rogers
kept pushing her to begin a sexual relationship.[3] She then served as the valet
for the Elephant Boy (Tony Olivas).[1][3] Olivas was Mexican, but had very dark
skin, which caused controversy when Ellison, a white woman, would kiss him on
the cheek during their ring entrance routine.[17] At one show in Oklahoma City,
a man, who thought that Olivas was a black man, attempted to stab Ellison with a
knife for kissing him.[17] Moolah later left Pfeffer's promotion and began
wrestling under Boston promoters Tony Santos and Paul Bowser.[18] In 1955, she
began working for Vince McMahon, Sr.'s Capitol Wrestling Corporation.[18]
World
Champion (1956–1970s)
On September 18, 1956, Moolah
defeated Judy Grable in a thirteen-woman battle royal to win the vacant World
Women's Championship, which shares a lineage with the NWA World Women's
Championship.[1][15][19][20] She was not immediately recognized by everyone as
the NWA Champion because Billy Wolfe, with whom she had had conflict earlier in
her career, still controlled the promotion.[21] After the match, Vince McMahon,
Sr. dubbed Ellison with a new ring name—The Fabulous Moolah.[20] Subsequently,
June Byers came out of retirement to challenge Moolah to a match for the
title.[21] During the match, Moolah acted as the aggressor and pinned Byers to
retain the championship.[21] Moolah's first World Championship reign lasted over
ten years.[22] Moolah successfully defended the belt against the top female
wrestlers in the world, such as Judy Grable and Donna Christanello, while also
purporting to befriend some of the biggest celebrities of the day.[23] Moolah
claimed in her book, "First Goddess of the Squared Circle," that she formed
friendships with Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis.[23]
After June Byers retired in 1964,
Moolah was subsequently recognized as official NWA Champion, thus making her the
undisputed Women’s World Champion.[24] Nevertheless, Moolah dropped the belt on
September 17, 1966 to Betty Boucher, although she regained the title just weeks
later.[25] She also traded the belt with Yukiko Tomoe during a tour of Japan in
1968.[25] On July 1, 1972, Moolah became the first woman allowed to wrestle at
Madison Square Garden, which had previously banned women's wrestling.[1][26] In
fact, Moolah helped overturn the ban on women's wrestling in the entire state of
New York, which the New York Athletic Commission lifted in June 1972.[26] During
her quest to overturn the ban, she flipped football player Roosevelt Grier onto
his back on The Mike Douglas Show.[26] Moolah continued an uninterrupted
eight-year reign before losing to Sue Green at Madison Square Garden in
1976.[25] Moolah regained her title a short time later.[25] She also bought the
legal rights to the championship in the late 1970s,[25] and after losing the
championship for two days to Evelyn Stevens in 1978, began another long reign,
defending her title for another six years.[25] Also in the 1970s, Moolah held
the NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship twice with Toni Rose.[27][28]
Rock
'n' Wrestling Connection (1980s)
See also: Rock 'n' Wrestling
Connection
In 1983, Vince McMahon, Jr. began
expanding the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) nationally, and Moolah sold him
the rights to her Women’s World Championship.[29] Moolah agreed to appear
exclusively for the WWF, and thus became the first WWF Women's Champion.[29] The
following year, singer Cyndi Lauper began a verbal feud with manager "Captain"
Lou Albano, who long had a reputation of being a villain, that brought
professional wrestling into mainstream culture in a storyline that became known
as the "Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection."[30][31] When it was finally time for
Lauper and Albano to settle their differences in the ring, a match-up was
scheduled with Albano representing Moolah against the challenge of Lauper’s
protégé, Wendi Richter.[31] After much buildup and hype, the Fabulous Moolah
lost the championship when defeated by Richter, who had Lauper in her corner, on
July 23, 1984 in the main event of The Brawl to End it All, which was broadcast
live on MTV.[2][19] Prior to the match, the WWF promoted Moolah as holding the
championship for the previous 28 years.
After losing the title to Richter,
Moolah aided Leilani Kai in defeating Richter for the title in February
1985.[2][32] Richter won it back at the inaugural WrestleMania, but when
Richter’s relationship soured with the WWF, Moolah donned a mask as "The Spider
Lady" and regained the belt on November 25, 1985, in a controversial
decision.[2] Richter was never told she would be losing the title and fell
victim to a real-life "screwjob" finish known as "The Original Screwjob".[33]
Richter promptly quit the WWF afterward,[33] while Moolah continued to be
champion for another two years—excluding a six-day reign by Velvet McIntyre
during a tour of Australia in 1986—before losing the belt to Sherri Martel on
July 24, 1987.[2] She later captained a team at the inaugural Survivor
Series.[2] Her team (Moolah, Velvet McIntyre, Rockin' Robin, and the Jumping
Bomb Angels) defeated champion Martel and her team (Leilani Kai, Judy Martin,
Donna Christanello, and Dawn Marie).[2]
Semi–retirement
Throughout the early 1990s, she
made appearances in video packages and at live WWF events.[2] On June 24, 1995,
she was the first female wrestler to be inducted into the WWF Hall of Fame.[2]
In the late 1990s, Pat Patterson and Ellison began jokingly discussing a
comeback for her, which resulted in Patterson contacting WWF Chairman Vince
McMahon about the possibility.[34] In 1998, Moolah and Mae Young re-emerged in
the WWF (later renamed World Wrestling Entertainment, WWE).[34] The WWF women's
division, however, had since moved away from the traditional athletic match-ups
of the past and now featured women competing in sexually-themed bikini contests
and strip matches.[35]
Moolah received a call from McMahon
in late 1998 about returning to the company.[36] On the September 9, 1999
episode of SmackDown!, Jeff Jarrett invited Moolah into the ring and smashed a
guitar over her head.[30] Moolah and Young then began appearing regularly in
comedic roles.[30] On the September 27, 1999 edition of Monday Night Raw, Moolah
and Young defeated Ivory in a Handicapped Evening Gown match, which led to a
title match at No Mercy on October 17, 1999.[2] The match saw seventy-six year
old Moolah defeat Ivory to regain the WWE Women's Championship, thus becoming
the oldest WWE Women's Champion ever,[2][19] though she lost the title to Ivory
eight days later.[37]
On the September 15, 2003 edition
of Raw, Moolah won a match against Victoria.[38] Moolah had been promised the
match for her eightieth birthday and became the first octogenarian to compete in
a WWE ring.[39] After Moolah's victory, the "Legend Killer" Randy Orton came out
and performed an RKO on her.[38] Moolah and Young made another appearance at New
Years Revolution in 2006, during a Bra and Panties Gauntlet match attacking
Victoria and stripping her of her top.[40] She also made brief appearances at
WrestleMania 23 and the 2007 Draft Lottery on June 11, 2007.[41][42] Her last
WWE appearance before her death was at SummerSlam in August 2007, in a backstage
segment with Vince McMahon and Raw General Manager William Regal.[39]
Training and promoting
Ellison and her second husband
Johnny Long began training women to become female wrestlers, which included Ella
Waldek, Daisy Mae, and Katherine Simpson.[7] Long later contacted promoter Jack
Pfeffer, who agreed to book some of the wrestlers at his shows.[7] After
marrying wrestler Buddy Lee, he began helping Ellison train the female
wrestlers.[43] After she left Pfeffer's promotion in the 1950s, Ellison found it
difficult to book her trainees in shows due to Pfeffer's influence over other
National Wrestling Alliance promoters.[43] Ellison claimed Pfeffer would
threaten to reveal the pre-planned nature of wrestling if any other promoters
did not do as he liked.[43] As a result, Ellison began selling cosmetics
door-to-door and Lee opened a service station to make enough money to pay their
bills.[43] They later began to book their wrestlers, including Judy Grable in
Boston, under promoter Paul Bowser.[18]
In the late 1950s when the
once-dominant promoter of women's wrestling, Billy Wolfe, was out of business,
Ellison and Lee began to book their female wrestlers for more and more
shows.[44] They began calling their promoting business Girl Wrestling
Enterprises (GWE).[44] Ellison demanded a lot from the girls of GWE, including
that they had to keep their hair and make-up done, act like a lady, and not date
men who were in the professional wrestling business.[44] In addition to women,
Ellison also trained midget professional wrestlers, including Katie Glass in the
1960s.[44]
Over the years, various female
wrestlers have come forward with stories accusing Moolah of being a pimp that
often provided various wrestling promoters with unsuspecting female wrestlers
that would be used as sex objects. One of the most notorious accusations is from
the family of Sweet Georgia Brown (Susie Mae McCoy). McCoy, who was trained and
booked by Moolah and her then-husband Buddy Lee, told her daughter that she was
often raped, given drugs and made an addict in an intentional attempt by Moolah
and Lee to control her. Ida Martinez, who wrestled during the 1960s, also
recalls that many of the regional promoters “demanded personal services” before
they would hand over a lady wrestler’s pay.[45]
Sandy Parker, a lesbian former
pupil of Moolah's, also claims that Moolah forbade her from going to any gay
bars and tried to persuade her to date men. Parker says this enranged her,
because "(Moolah) was two faced because she had her own little dalliances that
we all knew about."[46]
As well as allegedly exploiting
female wrestlers sexually, Moolah has been accused of using her financial
influence to control the women's wrestling scene. Rhonda Sing (also known as
Rhonda Singh) stated that Moolah contacted her and offered to let Singh wrestle
Wendi Richter in a couple of pay-per-view matches, but demanded she receive half
of Singh's pay check; a stipulation Singh was unwilling to accept.[47] Moolah
also used her influence to steal the spot originally held by Mad Maxine on the
animated series Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling. Maxine, who was being managed
by Moolah and about to receive a big push by Vince McMahon, left the WWF shortly
afterward due to her spot being taken away on the animated series and because
Moolah was unwilling to provide her with additional bookings.[48]
Ellison founded the Ladies'
International Wrestling Association, a non-profit organization to help retired
professional wrestlers, in the late 1980s.[13][49] In the 1990s, she spent most
of her time training female wrestlers at her school in Columbia, South
Carolina.[36] She also began training men, including Del Wilkes, and in 1995
trained more men than women.[13] She also spent time training in Los Angeles at
Verne Langdon's Slammers Gym.[50]
Other
media
An animated version of Moolah was
included on a CBS Saturday morning cartoon during this lucrative time, titled
Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling.[51] In addition, she appeared in one of Cyndi
Lauper's music videos, "Goonies 'R' Good Enough".[52] An illness in the
mid-1970s meant Ellison had to pull out of the Bill Cosby movie Mother, Jugs &
Speed, which had a role written specifically for her.[53] In 2002, Moolah wrote
her autobiography, The Fabulous Moolah: First Goddess of the Squared Circle.[2]
The book has been criticized for keeping kayfabe, the belief that wrestling
storylines are real, and did not reveal a lot about her time controlling women's
wrestling.[54] Defending herself against these claims, Ellison retorted it was
hard to fit all of her almost five decade career into one book.[54]
Moolah and Young, along with
several other lady wrestlers, starred in the 2004 film Lipstick and Dynamite a
documentary about the women wrestlers from the 1950s era.[24] They also appeared
on Late Night with Conan O'Brien promoting the film.[55]
Personal life
Ellison's first husband was Walter
Carroll, who became the father of her daughter Mary.[12][13] Mary wrestled
briefly but decided against pursuing the profession.[12] Ellison had six
grandchildren, five biological and one adopted.[12][13] Ellison and Carroll
divorced shortly after their daughter's birth. Later, Ellison married wrestler
Johnny Long.[7] Marital conflicts developed when Long wanted Ellison to be a
housewife instead of a career woman.[7] In addition, Ellison claims Long was a
"womanizer".[3] Ellison and Long divorced, and she claims to have dated country
singer Hank Williams, Sr. for four months in 1952.[23] Ellison alleged that
during their supposed relationship, Williams proposed to Ellison,[23] but
Williams's drinking and heroin abuse forced the couple to go separate ways.[23]
She further claimed that he wanted Ellison to quit her wrestling career, which
she did not want to do.[23] Two months after the break up, Williams died due to
an overdose.[23]
Later, Ellison met a wrestler named
Buddy Lee, whom she claims was the "love of her life."[23] They were eventually
married, and after divorcing in 1970 after nine years of marriage, they remained
friends until Lee's death in 1999.[13][43] The divorce was attributed to Lee's
affair with Rita Cortez, one of the wrestlers the duo was training.[56] In the
early 1980s, Ellison opened Moolah's Hideaway, a bar and grill which was
operated by her daughter Mary and frequented by Andre the Giant.[57]
Beginning in 1991, Ellison lived
with Mae Young in a house in Columbia, South Carolina.[36][55] Her estate was
located on a road named Moolah Drive.[36] A midget professional wrestler named
Katie Glass also lived with Moolah for over forty years.[36] Another wrestler,
Donna Christantello, also lived with Ellison on-and-off for forty years, ending
in May 1999.[27]
During her return to the ring in
1999, Ellison began experiencing occasional dizziness, and as a result, her
doctor requested that she begin to wear a heart monitor.[58] A few days later,
Ellison was admitted to the hospital for what turned out to be two clogged
arteries and viral pneumonia.[58] She stayed at the intensive care unit of the
hospital for 24 days, during which she was unconscious for fifteen days.[58]
After leaving the hospital, she again slipped into unconsciousness in the
bathroom at her home, crushing several vertebrae.[58] She underwent successful
back surgery in mid-December.[58]
Ellison died on November 2,
2007.[59] According to her daughter Mary, the possible cause of death was a
heart attack or blood clot related to a recent shoulder replacement surgery.[60]
In
wrestling
Finishing moves
Backbreaker[61]
Schoolgirl[1]
Small package[61]
Signature moves
Diving headscissors takedown[60]
Jumping snapmare[60]
Missile dropkick[60]
The Moolah Whip (Moolah grabs the
opponent by their hair and whips them through the air)[44]
Managers
Harvey Wippleman[62]
Wrestlers managed
Mae Young
Terri Runnels (WrestleMania 2000)
Leilani Kai[2]
The Elephant Man[1]
"Nature Boy" Buddy Rogers[1]
Championships and accomplishments
Cauliflower Alley Club
Ladies Wrestling Award (1997)[63]
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA Women's World Tag Team
Championship (2 times) – with Toni Rose[27][28]
NWA World Women's Championship (5
times)[4]
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Stanley Weston Award (1991)[64]
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
and Museum
Class of 2003[15]
World Wrestling Federation
WWF Women's Championship (4
times)[2]
WWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1995)[2]
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
awards
Worst Match of the Year (1984) vs.
Wendi Richter on July 23
Other
JWPA Women's Championship[4]
USA Women's Wrestling
Championship[65]
Notes
-
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n
Shields, Brian. Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s, p.86.
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
Shields, Brian. Main Event: WWE in the Raging 80s, p.87.
-
^ a b c d e f Ellison, Lillian.
First Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.60–65.
-
^ a b c d "Profile".
FabulousMoolah.com. http://www.fabulousmoolah.com/profile.html. Retrieved
2007-05-10.
-
^ a b "Ms Mary Lillian
Ellison". Dunbar Funeral Home. November 2, 2007. Archived from the original
on November 07, 2007.
http://web.archive.org/web/20071107025908/http://dunbar.createatribute.com/registryMain.php?i_memorialid=1194215708.
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^ Scherer, Dave (October 2000).
"Life Begins At 77: Mae Young Interview". Wrestling Digest.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCO/is_3_2/ai_65858906. Retrieved
2008-04-01.
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^ a b c d e Ellison, Lillian.
First Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.55–57.
-
^ Kittle, Robert (November 5,
2007). "Women's World Champion Wrestler "Fabulous Moolah" Dies in Columbia".
WSPA Channel 7 website.
http://www.wspa.com/midatlantic/spa/news.apx.-content-articles-SPA-2007-11-05-0014.html.
Retrieved 2007-11-05. [dead link]
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^ Higgins, Lee (November 4,
2007). "Friends wrestle with loss of Fabulous Moolah". The State. Archived
from the original on November 04, 2007.
http://web.archive.org/web/20071104174801/http://www.thestate.com/local/story/219934.html.
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^ a b Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.26.
-
^ Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.30–32.
-
^ a b c d e f g Ellison,
Lillian. First Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.36–38.
-
^ a b c d e f g Mooneyham, Mike
(1995). "Moolah Simply Fabulous". The Wrestling Gospel. Archived from the
original on December 06, 2007.
http://web.archive.org/web/20071206015507/http://www.mikemooneyham.com/pages/viewfull.cfm?ObjectID=BA253264-7A38-4098-A3B2F0ABE84A3973.
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^ a b Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.43–45.
-
^ a b c d Burke, Tom. "The
Fabulous Moolah". Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum.
http://www.pwhf.org/halloffamers/bios/moolah.asp. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
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^ Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.46.
-
^ a b Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.68–69.
-
^ a b c Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.90–91.
-
^ a b c Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.2–7.
-
^ a b Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.98–100.
-
^ a b c Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.104–107.
-
^ Schramm, Chris (October 5,
1998). "Moolah:Twenty-eight years was the reign". SLAM! Wrestling.
http://www.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingGuestColumn/oct5_schramm.html. Retrieved
2009-01-22.
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^ a b c d e f g h Ellison,
Lillian. First Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.73.
-
^ a b The Fabulous Moolah.
(2004). Lipstick & Dynamite - The First Ladies of Wrestling. [DVD]. World
Wrestling Entertainment.
-
^ a b c d e f Slagle, Steve.
"Hall of Fame: Fabulous Moolah". The Ring Chronicle.
http://www.wrestlingmuseum.com/pages/bios/halloffame/moolahbio.html.
Retrieved 2009-03-25.
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^ a b c Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.134–137.
-
^ a b c Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.143–145.
-
^ a b Duncan, Royal and Gary
Will (4th Edition 2006). Wrestling Title Histories. Archeus Communications.
ISBN 0-9698161-5-4.
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^ a b Slagle, Steve (2000).
"Hall of Fame Inductee: The Fabulous Moolah". The Ring Chronicle.
http://www.wrestlingmuseum.com/pages/bios/halloffame/moolahbio.html.
Retrieved 2009-05-05.
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^ a b c "History Making Female
Wrestler, The Fabulous Moolah, Dead at 84". Salem-News.Com Sports.
http://www.salem-news.com/sports/november52007/Moolah_death_110507.php.
Retrieved 2008-07-05.
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^ a b Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.169–170.
-
^ "Leilani Kai's reign". World
Wrestling Entertainment.
http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/women/304454132121112211. Retrieved
2009-05-05.
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^ a b Richter, Wendi and Mark
Nulty. Wendi Richter Shoot Interview. [DVD]. HighSpots.
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^ a b Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.205.
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^ Oliver, Greg (April 13,
2000). "'Slop' matches haven't stopped Ivory". SLAM! Wrestling.
http://www.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingWM2000/apr13_ivory.html. Retrieved
2008-08-15.
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^ a b c d e Ellison, Lillian.
First Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.8–10.
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^ "Women's title history:
Moolah's reign". World Wrestling Entertainment.
http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/women/30445413212111215. Retrieved
2009-03-31.
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^ a b Tylwalk, Nick (September
16, 2006). "Raw: Goldberg down but not out". SLAM! Wrestling.
http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2003/09/16/194387.html. Retrieved
2009-05-05.
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^ a b "Hall of Fame: The
Fabulous Moolah". World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived from the original
on December 18, 2007.
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^ Sokol, Chris (January 9,
2006). "Edge surprise champ after Revolution". SLAM! Wrestling.
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^ Plummer, Dale and Nick
Tylwalk (April 1, 2007). "Undertaker the champ, McMahon bald". SLAM!
Wrestling.
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^ McAvennie, Mike (2007-06-11).
"One wild night". World Wrestling Entertainment.
http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/06112007/. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
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^ a b c d e Ellison, Lillian.
First Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.82–85.
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^ a b c d e Ellison, Lillian.
First Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.108–112.
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^ Murfee Faulk (December 20,
2006). "Baby of Sweet Georgia Brown". free-times.com.
http://www.free-times.com/index.php?cat=121304064644348&z_Issue_ID=11012501070771714&ShowArchiveArticle_ID=11012501071127229.
Retrieved 2008-08-14.
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^ Kreiser, Jamie Melissa (April
7, 2008). "Sandy Parker: Addicted to wrestling". SLAM! Wrestling.
http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2008/03/14/5009196.html. Retrieved
2009-06-30.
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^ Stephen Laroche (January 9,
2001). "SLAM! Wrestling Canadian Hall of Fame: Rhonda Sing / Monster
Ripper". Slam Wrestling.
http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingBiosS/sing_rhonda_01jan-can.html.
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^ Scott's Blog of Doom
(February 10, 2007). "Biggest, Smallest, Strangest, Strongest". rspwfaq.com.
http://www.rspwfaq.com/?p=259. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
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^ Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.23.
-
^ Ellison, Lillian. First
Goddess of the Squared Circle, p.198.
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^ Oliver, Greg (December 17,
1999). "Rock 'n' Wrestling best left in the past". SLAM! Wrestling.
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^ Ellison, Lillian. First
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References
Ellison, Lillian (2003). The
Fabulous Moolah: First Goddess of the Squared Circle. ReaganBooks. ISBN
978-0-06-001258-8.
Shields, Brian (2006). Main Event:
WWE in the Raging 80s. World Wrestling Entertainment. ISBN 978-1-4165-3257-6.
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