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Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE, Hon RAM, FRCM (born 18 June 1942) is an
English musician, singer-songwriter and composer. Formerly of The
Beatles (1960–1970) and Wings (1971–1981), McCartney is listed in
Guinness World Records as the "most successful musician and composer in
popular music history", with 60 gold discs and sales of 100 million
singles in the United Kingdom alone.[1]
McCartney gained worldwide fame as a member of The Beatles, alongside John
Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. McCartney and Lennon formed one of the
most influential and successful songwriting partnerships and wrote some of the
most popular songs in the history of rock music.[2] After leaving The Beatles,
McCartney launched a successful solo career and formed the band Wings with his
first wife, Linda Eastman, and singer-songwriter Denny Laine.
BBC News Online readers named McCartney the "greatest composer of the
millennium". According to the BBC, his Beatles song "Yesterday" has been covered
by over 2,200 artists — more than any other song in the history of recorded
music.[3] Since its 1965 release it has been played more than 7,000,000 times on
American television and radio.[4] Wings' 1977 single "Mull of Kintyre" became
the first single to sell more than two million copies in the United Kingdom and
remains the UK's top selling non-charity single.[5] Based on the 93 weeks his
compositions have spent at the top spot of the UK chart, and 24 number one
singles to his credit, McCartney is the most successful songwriter in UK singles
chart history.[6] As a performer or songwriter, McCartney was responsible for 31
number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United
States,[7][8][9][10] and has sold 15.5 million RIAA certified albums in the
United States alone.[11]
McCartney has composed film scores, classical and electronic music, released a
large catalogue of songs as a solo artist, and has taken part in projects to
help international charities. He is an advocate for animal rights, for
vegetarianism, and for music education; he is active in campaigns against
landmines, seal hunting, and Third World debt. He is a keen football fan,
supporting both Everton and Liverpool football clubs. His company MPL
Communications owns the copyrights to more than 3,000 songs,[12] including all
songs written by Buddy Holly, along with the publishing rights to such musicals
as Guys and Dolls, A Chorus Line, and Grease. McCartney is one of the UK's
wealthiest people, with an estimated fortune of £475 million in 2010.[13]
****
Background information
Birth name James Paul McCartney
Born 18 June 1942 (1942-06-18) (age 69)
Liverpool, England, UK
Genres Rock, pop, psychedelic rock, experimental rock, hard rock, rock and roll,
classical music
Occupations Musician, composer, producer, multi-instrumentalist, film producer,
painter, activist, businessman
Instruments Vocals, bass guitar, guitar, piano, organ, mellotron, keyboards,
drums, ukulele, mandolin, recorder
Years active 1957–present
Labels Hear, Apple, Parlophone, Capitol, Columbia, Concord, EMI, One Little
Indian, Vee-Jay
Associated acts The Quarrymen, The Beatles, Wings, The Fireman, Linda McCartney,
John Lennon, Denny Laine
Website www.paulmccartney.com
Notable instruments
Höfner 500/1
Rickenbacker 4001S
Gibson Les Paul
Epiphone Texan
Epiphone Casino
Fender Esquire
Fender Jazz Bass
Yamaha BB1200 Bass
Wal 5-String Bass
Martin D-28
****
Childhood
McCartney was born in Walton Hospital in Liverpool, England, where his mother,
Mary (née Mohin), had worked as a nurse in the maternity ward.[14] He has one
brother, Michael, born 7 January 1944.[15] McCartney was baptised as a Roman
Catholic but was raised non-denominationally: his mother was Roman Catholic and
his father James, or "Jim" McCartney, was a Protestant turned agnostic.[15]
In 1947, he began attending Stockton Wood Road Primary School. He then attended
the Joseph Williams Junior School[16] and passed the 11-plus exam in 1953 with
three others out of the 90 examinees, thus gaining admission to the Liverpool
Institute.[17] In 1954, while taking the bus from his home in the suburb of
Speke to the Institute, he met George Harrison, who lived nearby.[18] Passing
the exam meant that McCartney and Harrison could go to a grammar school rather
than a secondary modern school, which the majority of pupils attended until they
were eligible to work, but as grammar school pupils, they had to find new
friends.[19]
In 1955, the McCartney family moved to 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton.[20] Mary
McCartney rode a bicycle to houses where she was needed as a midwife, and an
early McCartney memory is of her leaving when it was snowing heavily.[21] On 31
October 1956, Mary McCartney died of an embolism after a mastectomy operation to
stop the spread of her breast cancer.[22] The early loss of his mother later
connected McCartney with John Lennon, whose mother Julia died after being struck
by a car when Lennon was 17.[23]
McCartney's father was a trumpet player and pianist who had led Jim Mac's Jazz
Band in the 1920s and encouraged his two sons to be musical.[24] Jim had an
upright piano in the front room that he had bought from Epstein's North End
Music Stores. McCartney's grandfather, Joe McCartney, played an E-flat
tuba.[25][26] Jim McCartney used to point out the different instruments in songs
on the radio, and often took McCartney to local brass band concerts.[26]
McCartney's father gave him a nickel-plated trumpet, but when skiffle music
became popular, McCartney swapped the trumpet for a £15 Framus Zenith (model 17)
acoustic guitar.[27][28] As he was left-handed, McCartney found right-handed
guitars difficult to play, but when he saw a poster advertising a Slim Whitman
concert, he realised that Whitman played left-handed with his guitar strung the
opposite way to a right-handed player.[28][29] McCartney wrote his first song
("I Lost My Little Girl") on the Zenith, and also played his father's Framus
Spanish guitar when writing early songs with Lennon.[30] He later learned to
play the piano and wrote his second song, "When I'm Sixty-Four".[31] On his
father's advice, he took music lessons, but since he preferred to learn 'by ear'
he never paid much attention to them.[31]
McCartney was heavily influenced by American Rhythm and Blues music. He has
stated that Little Richard was his idol when he was in school and that the first
song he ever sang in public was "Long Tall Sally", at a Butlins holiday camp
talent competition.[32]
Musical career
1957–1960
At the age of 15, McCartney met John Lennon and The Quarrymen at the St. Peter's
Church Hall fête in Woolton on 6 July 1957.[33] He formed a close working
relationship with Lennon and they collaborated writing many songs. Harrison
joined the group in early 1958 as lead guitarist, followed in early 1960 by
Lennon's art school friend, Stuart Sutcliffe on bass.[34][35] By May 1960, they
had tried several new names, including "Johnny and the Moondogs" and "The Silver
Beetles", playing a tour of Scotland under that name with Johnny Gentle. They
finally changed the name of the group to "The Beatles" in mid-August 1960 and
recruited Pete Best at short notice to become their drummer for an imminent
engagement in Hamburg.[36][37]
1960–1970: The
Beatles
From August 1960, The Beatles were booked by Allan Williams,[38] to perform at a
club in Hamburg.[39] During extended stays over the next two years, The Beatles
performed as a resident group in a number of Hamburg clubs. On returns to
Liverpool they played at the Cavern club. Prior to the end of the residency,
Sutcliffe left the band, so McCartney, reluctantly, became The Beatles' bass
player.[40] The Beatles recorded their first published musical material in
Hamburg, performing as the backing group for Tony Sheridan on the single "My
Bonnie".[41] This recording later brought the Beatles to the attention of a key
figure in their subsequent development and commercial success, Brian Epstein,
who became their next manager.[42] Epstein eventually negotiated a record
contract for the group with Parlophone in May 1962.[43] After replacing Best
with Ringo Starr on drums, The Beatles became popular in the UK in 1963 and in
the US in 1964. In 1965, they were each appointed as a Member of the Order of
the British Empire (MBE).[44] After performing concerts, plays, and tours almost
non-stop for a period of nearly four years, and giving more than one thousand
four hundred live performances internationally,[45] The Beatles gave their last
commercial concert at the end of their 1966 US tour.[46] They continued to work
in the recording studio from 1966 until their break-up in 1970. In the eight
years from 1962 to 1970, the group had released twenty-four UK singles and
twelve studio albums, often released in different configurations in the USA and
other countries (see discography). In late 1966, there was a hoax called "Paul
is dead" saying that McCartney had died in a car crash. The hoax was proven
false in 1969 when the front cover of a magazine said "Paul is Still With Us."
Since 1970
After the break-up of The Beatles, McCartney continued his musical career, in
solo work as well as in collaborations with other musicians. After releasing his
solo album McCartney in 1970, he worked with Linda McCartney to record the album
Ram in 1971. Later the same year, the pair were joined by guitarist Denny Laine
and drummer Denny Seiwell to form the group Wings, which was active between 1971
and 1981 and released numerous successful singles and albums (see Wings
discography). McCartney also collaborated with a number of other popular artists
including Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, Eric Stewart, and Elvis Costello. In
1985, McCartney played "Let It Be" at the Live Aid concert in London, backed by
Bob Geldof, Pete Townshend, David Bowie, and Alison Moyet.
Initially Australia was to be included in the 1989 world tour but McCartney
decided to play extra shows in America. On the 1993 (New World Tour), McCartney
toured Australia extensively; this was his third and most recent tour of
Australia. A proposed further tour to Australia in 2002 was cancelled after the
Bali Bombings claiming that touring after the bombings would be insensitive.[47]
In 1989, he joined forces with fellow Merseysiders including Gerry Marsden of
Gerry and the Pacemakers and Holly Johnson of Frankie Goes to Hollywood to
record a new version of Ferry Cross the Mersey (originally recorded 25 years
earlier by Gerry and the Pacemakers) to generate money for the appeal fund of
the Hillsborough disaster, which occurred on 15 April that year and in which 96
Liverpool F.C. fans died as a result of their injuries.[48]
The 1990s saw McCartney venture into orchestral music, and in 1991 the Royal
Liverpool Philharmonic Society commissioned a musical piece by McCartney to
celebrate its sesquicentennial.[49]
He collaborated with Carl Davis to release Liverpool Oratorio;[50] involving the
opera singers Dame Kiri Te Kanawa, Sally Burgess,[51] Jerry Hadley and Willard
White, with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and the choir of
Liverpool Cathedral.[52] The Prince of Wales later honoured McCartney as a
Fellow of The Royal College of Music[53] and Honorary Member of the Royal
Academy of Music (2008). Other forays into classical music included Standing
Stone (1997), Working Classical (1999), Ecce Cor Meum (2006), and "Ocean's
Kingdom" (2011). It was announced in the 1997 New Year Honours that McCartney
was to be knighted for services to music,[54] becoming Sir Paul McCartney.[55]
In 1999, McCartney was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo
artist and in May 2000, he was awarded a Fellowship by the British Academy of
Songwriters, Composers and Authors. The 1990s also saw McCartney, Harrison, and
Starr working together on Apple's The Beatles Anthology documentary series.
Having witnessed the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks from the JFK airport
tarmac,[56][57] McCartney took a lead role in organising The Concert for New
York City. In November 2002, on the first anniversary of George Harrison's
death, McCartney performed at the Concert for George.[58] He has also
participated in the National Football League's Super Bowl, performing in the
pre-game show for Super Bowl XXXVI and headlining the halftime show at Super
Bowl XXXIX.
McCartney has continued to work in the realms of popular and classical music,
touring the world and performing at a large number of concerts and events; on
more than one occasion he has performed again with Ringo Starr. In 2008, he
received a BRIT award for Outstanding Contribution to Music[59] and an honorary
degree, Doctor of Music, from Yale University.[60] The same year, he performed
at a concert in Liverpool to celebrate the city's year as European Capital of
Culture.[61] In 2009, he received two nominations for the 51st annual Grammy
awards, while in October of the same year he was named songwriter of the year at
the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) Awards. On 15
July 2009, more than 45 years after The Beatles first appeared on American
television on The Ed Sullivan Show, McCartney returned to the Ed Sullivan
Theater to perform on Late Show with David Letterman.[62] McCartney was
portrayed in the 2009 film Nowhere Boy, about Lennon's teenage years, by Thomas
Sangster.
On 2 June 2010, McCartney was honoured by Barack Obama with the Gershwin Prize
for his contributions to popular music in a live show for the White House with
performances by Stevie Wonder, Lang Lang and many others.[63]
McCartney's enduring popularity has helped him schedule performances in new
venues. He played three sold out concerts at newly-built Citi Field in Queens,
New York (built to replace the iconic Shea Stadium) on 17, 18, and 21 July 2009.
On 27 June 2010, McCartney did a benefit concert at Hyde Park for the Born HIV
Free foundation. On 18 August 2010, McCartney opened the Consol Energy Center in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[64] On 15-16 July 2011, McCartney performed the first
concerts at the new Yankee Stadium.
McCartney has been touring since 2001 with guitarists Rusty Anderson and Brian
Ray, Paul "Wix" Wickens on keyboards and drummer Abe Laboriel, Jr.
In 2010, plans for an upcoming Paul McCartney tribute album were announced with
recordings of McCartney songs by Kiss, Garth Brooks, Billy Joel, B.B. King and
others.[65]
Kisses on the Bottom, a collection of standards, was released on 7 February
2012.[66] McCartney was honoured as MusiCares Person of the Year on 10 February
2012, two days prior to his performance at the 54th Grammy Awards.[67]
Creative outlets
During the 1960s, McCartney was often seen at major cultural events, such as the
launch party for the International Times and at The Roundhouse (28 January and 4
February 1967 respectively).[68] He also delved into the visual arts, becoming a
close friend of leading art dealers and gallery owners, explored experimental
film, and regularly attended movie, theatrical and classical music performances.
His first contact with the London avant-garde scene was through John Dunbar, who
introduced him to the art dealer Robert Fraser, who in turn introduced McCartney
to an array of writers and artists. McCartney later became involved in the
renovation and publicising of the Indica Gallery in Mason's Yard, London — John
Lennon first met Yoko Ono at the Indica.[69][70] The Indica Gallery brought
McCartney into contact with Barry Miles, whose underground newspaper, the
International Times, McCartney helped to start.[71] Miles would become de facto
manager of the Apple's short-lived Zapple Records label, and wrote McCartney's
official biography, Many Years From Now (1997).
While living at the Asher house,[72] McCartney took piano lessons at the
Guildhall School of Music and Drama, which The Beatles' producer Martin had
previously attended.[73][74] McCartney studied composers such as Karlheinz
Stockhausen, and Luciano Berio.[75] McCartney later wrote and released several
pieces of modern classical music and ambient electronica, besides writing poetry
and painting. McCartney is lead patron of the Liverpool Institute for Performing
Arts, an arts school in the building formerly occupied by the Liverpool
Institute for Boys.[76] The 1837 building, which McCartney attended during his
schooldays, had become derelict by the mid-1980s.[76] On 7 June 1996, Queen
Elizabeth II officially opened the redeveloped building.[76]
Electronic music
After the recording of "Yesterday" in 1965, McCartney contacted the BBC
Radiophonic Workshop in Maida Vale, London, to see if they could record an
electronic version of the song, but never followed it up.[77] When visiting John
Dunbar's flat in London, McCartney would take along tapes he had compiled at
Jane Asher's house.[78] The tapes were mixes of various songs, musical pieces
and comments made by McCartney that he had Dick James make into a demo record
for him.[79] Heavily influenced by John Cage, he made tape loops by recording
voices, guitars, and bongoes on a Brenell tape recorder, and splicing the
various loops together. He reversed the tapes, sped them up, and slowed them
down to create the effects he wanted, some of which were later used on Beatles'
recordings, such as "Tomorrow Never Knows". McCartney referred to the tapes as
"electronic symphonies".[80]
In the spring of 1966 McCartney rented a ground floor and basement flat from
Ringo Starr at 34 Montagu Square, to be used as a small demo studio for
spoken-word recordings by poets, writers (including William S. Burroughs) and
avant-garde musicians.[81] The Beatles' Apple Records then launched a sub-label,
Zapple with Miles as its manager, ostensibly to release recordings of a similar
aesthetic, although few releases would ultimately result as Apple and The
Beatles slid into business and personal difficulties.[81]
In 1995, McCartney recorded a radio series called "Oobu Joobu"[82] for the
American network Westwood One, which he described as being "wide-screen
radio".[83] During the 1990s, McCartney collaborated with Youth of Killing Joke
under the name The Fireman,[84] and released two ambient electronic albums:
Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest (1993) and Rushes (1998). In 2000, he released
an album titled Liverpool Sound Collage[85] with Super Furry Animals and Youth,
utilising the sound collage and musique concrète techniques that fascinated him
in the mid-1960s. In 2005, he worked on a project with bootleg producer and
remixer Freelance Hellraiser, consisting of remixed versions of songs from
throughout his solo career which were released under the title Twin Freaks.[86]
The Fireman's third album Electric Arguments was released on 25 November 2008.
Unlike the first two Fireman albums, this one was more song-based in its
structure. McCartney told L.A. Weekly in a January 2009, "Fireman is
improvisational theatre ... I formalise it a bit to get it into the studio, and
when I step up to a microphone, I have a vague idea of what I’m about to do. I
usually have a song, and I know the melody and lyrics, and my performance is the
only unknown."[87]
Film
McCartney was interested in animated films as a child, and later had the
financial resources to ask Geoff Dunbar to direct a short animated film called
Rupert and the Frog Song, in 1981. McCartney was the producer, he wrote the
music and the script, and also added some of the character voices.[88] McCartney
wrote and starred in the 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street. The film and
soundtrack featured the popular hit "No More Lonely Nights", and the album
reached No.1 in the UK, but the film did not do well commercially or
critically.[89] Roger Ebert awarded the film a single star and wrote, "You can
safely skip the movie and proceed directly to the sound track."[90] Dunbar
worked again with McCartney on an animated film about the work of French artist
Honoré Daumier, in 1992, which won both of them a Bafta award.[91] They also
worked on Tropic Island Hum, in 1997.[92] In 1995, McCartney made a guest
appearance in the "Lisa the Vegetarian", an episode of The Simpsons, and
directed a short documentary about The Grateful Dead.[93][94]
In May 2000, McCartney released Wingspan: An Intimate Portrait, a retrospective
documentary that features behind-the-scenes films and photographs that Paul and
Linda McCartney (who had died in 1998) took of their family and bands.[95]
Interspersed throughout the 88 minute film is an interview by Mary McCartney
with her father. Mary was the baby photographed inside McCartney's jacket on the
back cover of his first solo album, McCartney, and was one of the producers of
the documentary.[96]
Painting
In 1966, McCartney met art gallery-owner Robert Fraser, whose flat was visited
by many well-known artists.[97] McCartney met Andy Warhol, Claes Oldenburg,
Peter Blake, and Richard Hamilton there, and learned about art appreciation.[97]
McCartney later started buying paintings by Magritte, and used Magritte's
painting of an apple for the Apple Records logo.[98] He now owns Magritte's
easel and spectacles.[99]
McCartney's love of painting surfaced after watching artist Willem de Kooning
paint, in Kooning's Long Island studio.[100] McCartney took up painting in
1983.[101] In 1999, he exhibited his paintings (featuring McCartney's portraits
of John Lennon, Andy Warhol, and David Bowie) for the first time in Siegen,
Germany, and included photographs by Linda. He chose the gallery because
Wolfgang Suttner (local events organiser) was genuinely interested in his art,
and the positive reaction led to McCartney showing his work in UK
galleries.[102] The first UK exhibition of McCartney's work was opened in
Bristol, England with more than 50 paintings on display. McCartney had
previously believed that "only people that had been to art school were allowed
to paint" – as Lennon had.[102]
In October 2000, Yoko Ono and McCartney presented art exhibitions in New York
and London. McCartney said, "I've been offered an exhibition of my paintings at
the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool where John and I used to spend many a
pleasant afternoon. So I'm really excited about it. I didn't tell anybody I
painted for 15 years but now I'm out of the closet."[103][104]
As an artist, Paul McCartney designed a series of six postage stamps issued by
the Isle of Man Post on 1 July 2002. According to BBC News, McCartney seems to
be the first major rock star in the world who is also known as a stamp
designer.[105]
Writing and poetry
When McCartney was young, his mother read him poems and encouraged him to read
books. McCartney's father was interested in crosswords and invited the two young
McCartneys (Paul and his brother Michael) to solve them with him, so as to
increase their "word power".[106] McCartney was later inspired – in his school
years – by Alan Durband, who was McCartney's English literature teacher at the
Liverpool Institute.[107] Durband was a co-founder and fund-raiser at the
Everyman Theatre in Liverpool, where Willy Russell also worked, and introduced
McCartney to Geoffrey Chaucer's works.[108] McCartney later took his A-level
exams, but passed only one subject – Art.[109][110]
In 2001 McCartney published 'Blackbird Singing', a volume of poems, some of
which were lyrics to his songs, and gave readings in Liverpool and New York
City.[111] Some of them were serious: "Here Today" (about Lennon) and some
humorous ("Maxwell's Silver Hammer").[112] In the foreword of the book,
McCartney explained that when he was a teenager, he had "an overwhelming desire"
to have a poem of his published in the school magazine. He wrote something "deep
and meaningful", but it was rejected, and he feels that he has been trying to
get some kind of revenge ever since. His first "real poem" was about the death
of his childhood friend, Ivan Vaughan.[111]
In October 2005, McCartney released a children's book called High in the Clouds:
An Urban Furry Tail. In a press release publicising the book, McCartney said, "I
have loved reading for as long as I can remember", singling out Treasure Island
as a childhood favourite.[113] McCartney collaborated with author Philip Ardagh
and animator Geoff Dunbar to write the book.[114]
Contact with
fellow ex-Beatles
John Lennon
Although McCartney's post-Beatles relationship with John Lennon was troubled,
they became close again briefly in 1974 and even played together for the only
time since The Beatles split (see A Toot and a Snore in '74). In later years,
the two grew apart again.[115] McCartney would often call Lennon, but was never
sure of what sort of reception he would get,[116] such as when McCartney once
called Lennon and was told, "You're all pizza and fairytales!" [116] McCartney
understood that he could not just phone Lennon and only talk about business, so
they often talked about cats, baking bread, or babies.[117] According to May
Pang, during Lennon's "Lost Weekend" with her they planned to visit McCartney in
New Orleans, where McCartney was recording the Venus and Mars album, but Lennon
went back to Ono the day before the planned visit after Ono said she had a new
cure for Lennon's smoking habit.[118]
In a 1980 interview, Lennon said that the last time he had seen McCartney was
when they had watched the episode of Saturday Night Live (May 1976) in which
Lorne Michaels had made his $3,000 cash offer[119] to get Lennon, McCartney,
Harrison, and Starr to reunite on the show. McCartney and Lennon had seriously
considered going to the studio, but were too tired.[120] This event was
fictionalised in the 2000 television film Two of Us. His last telephone call to
Lennon, which was just before Lennon and Ono released Double Fantasy, was
friendly. During the call, Lennon said (laughing) to McCartney, "This housewife
wants a career!"[121] which referred to Lennon's househusband years, while
looking after Sean Lennon.[122] In 1984, McCartney said this about the phone
call: "Yes. That is a nice thing, a consoling factor for me, because I do feel
it was sad that we never actually sat down and straightened our differences out.
But fortunately for me, the last phone conversation I ever had with him was
really great, and we didn't have any kind of blow-up."[123] Linda McCartney,
speaking in the same 1984 interview stated: "I know that Paul was desperate to
write with John again. And I know John was desperate to write. Desperate. People
thought, well, he's taking care of Sean, he's a househusband and all that, but
he wasn't happy. He couldn't write and it drove him crazy. And Paul could have
helped him... easily."[123]
Reaction to
Lennon's murder
On the morning of 9 December 1980, McCartney awoke to the news that Lennon had
been murdered outside his home in the Dakota building in New York City.[124]
Lennon's death created a media frenzy around the surviving members of The
Beatles.[125] On the evening of 9 December, as McCartney was leaving an Oxford
Street recording studio, he was surrounded by reporters and asked for his
reaction to Lennon's death.[126] He was later criticised for what appeared, when
published, to be an utterly superficial response: "It's a drag". [127] McCartney
explained, "When John was killed somebody stuck a microphone at me and said:
'What do you think about it?' I said, 'It's a dra-a-ag' and meant it with every
inch of melancholy I could muster. When you put that in print it says,
'McCartney in London today when asked for a comment on his dead friend said,
"It's a drag."' It seemed a very flippant comment to make."[127] McCartney was
also to recall:
I talked to Yoko the day after he was killed and the first thing she said was,
"John was really fond of you." The last telephone conversation I had with him we
were still the best of mates. He was always a very warm guy, John. His bluff was
all on the surface. He used to take his glasses down, those granny glasses, and
say, "It's only me." They were like a wall, you know? A shield. Those are the
moments I treasure.[128]
In 1983, McCartney said:
I would not have been as typically human and standoffish as I was if I knew John
was going to die. I would have made more of an effort to try and get behind his
"mask" and have a better relationship with him.[128]
In a Playboy interview in 1984, McCartney said that he went home that night and
watched the news on television – while sitting with all his children – and cried
all evening.
McCartney carried on recording after the death of Lennon but did not play any
live concerts for some time. He explained that this was because he was nervous
that he would be "the next" to be murdered.[129][130] This led to a disagreement
with Denny Laine, who wanted to continue touring and subsequently left Wings,
which McCartney disbanded in 1981.[131] Also in June 1981, six months after
Lennon's death, McCartney sang backup on George Harrison's tribute to Lennon,
"All Those Years Ago", which also featured Ringo Starr on drums. McCartney would
go on to record "Here Today", a tribute song to Lennon.
George Harrison
In 1977, Harrison had this to say about working with McCartney: "There were a
lot of tracks though where I played bass...because what Paul would do, if he's
written a song, he'd learn all the parts for Paul and then come in the studio
and say, 'Do this.' He'd never give you the opportunity to come out with
something. Paul would always help along when you'd done his ten songs—then when
he got 'round to doing one of my songs, he would help. It was silly. It was very
selfish, actually."[132] While being interviewed circa 1988, Harrison said
McCartney had recently mentioned the possibility of the two of them writing
together, to which Harrison laughed, "I've only been there about 30 years in
Paul's life and it's like now he wants to write with me."
In September 1980, Lennon said of Harrison and McCartney's working relationship:
"I remember the day [Harrison] called to ask for help on 'Taxman', one of his
bigger songs. I threw in a few one-liners to help the song along, because that's
what he asked for. He came to me because he could not go to Paul, because Paul
would not have helped him at that period."[133] Despite this statement,
McCartney did contribute to the song, playing the track's guitar solo.
In late 2001, McCartney learned that Harrison was losing his battle with cancer.
Upon Harrison's death on 29 November 2001, McCartney told Entertainment Tonight,
Access Hollywood, Extra, Good Morning America, The Early Show, MTV, VH1 and
Today that George was like his "baby brother". Harrison spent his last days in a
Hollywood Hills mansion that was once leased by McCartney.[134] On the day
Harrison died, McCartney said, "George was a fantastic guy...still laughing and
joking...a very brave man...and I love him like...he's my brother."[135] While
guesting on Larry King Live alongside Ringo Starr, McCartney said of the last
time he saw Harrison, "We just sat there stroking hands. And this is a guy, and,
you know, you don't stroke hands with guys, like that, you know it was just
beautiful. We just spent a couple of hours and it was really lovely it was
like...a favourite memory of mine."[136] On the first anniversary of Harrison's
death, McCartney played Harrison's "Something" on a ukulele at the Concert for
George.[58]
Personal
relationships
One of McCartney's first girlfriends, in 1959, was called Layla, a name he
remembers being unusual in Liverpool at the time.[137] Layla was slightly older
than McCartney and used to ask him to baby-sit with her. Julie Arthur, another
girlfriend, was Ted Ray's niece.[137]
Dot Rhone
McCartney's first serious girlfriend in Liverpool was Dot Rhone, whom he met at
the Casbah club in 1959.[138] McCartney chose clothes and make-up for Rhone, and
he paid for her to have her hair styled like Brigitte Bardot's.[139][140] When
McCartney first went to Hamburg with The Beatles, he wrote to Rhone regularly,
and she accompanied Cynthia Lennon to Hamburg when The Beatles played there
again in 1962.[141] The couple had a three-year relationship, and were due to
marry until Rhone's miscarriage.[142]
Jane Asher
McCartney first met the British actress Jane Asher on 18 April 1963, when a
photographer asked them to pose together at a Beatles performance at the Royal
Albert Hall in London.[143] The two began a relationship and McCartney took up
residence with Asher at her parents' house at 57 Wimpole Street London, where he
lived for nearly three years before the couple moved to McCartney's own house in
St. John's Wood.[72] McCartney wrote several songs while at the Ashers',
including "Yesterday" and several inspired by Asher, among them "And I Love
Her", "You Won't See Me", and "I'm Looking Through You".[73] McCartney and Asher
had a five-year relationship, and they planned to marry, but Asher broke off the
engagement when she discovered McCartney had become involved with another woman,
Francie Schwartz.[144][145] However, Schwartz stated that McCartney and Asher
had already broken up before the incident.[146]
Linda McCartney
In 1969, McCartney married American photographer Linda Eastman, whom he
described as the woman who gave him "the strength and courage to work again"
after the break-up of The Beatles.[147] The pair had met previously at a 1967
Georgie Fame concert at The Bag O'Nails club,[95][148] during her UK assignment
to take photographs of "Swinging Sixties" musicians in London. Paul and Linda
were both vegetarian and supported the animal rights organisation People for the
Ethical Treatment of Animals.[149] They had four children – Linda's daughter
Heather (who was adopted by Paul), Mary, Stella and James – and remained married
until Linda's death from breast cancer in 1998.
Heather Mills
In 2002, McCartney married Heather Mills, a former model and anti-landmines
campaigner. The couple had a child, Beatrice, in 2003. They separated in May
2006 and were divorced in May 2008. Widespread animosity towards McCartney's
wives was reported in 2004. "They [the British public] didn't like me giving up
on Jane Asher", McCartney said. "I married a New York divorcee with a child, and
at the time they didn't like that."[150]
Nancy Shevell
McCartney married New Yorker Nancy Shevell in a civil ceremony at Old Marylebone
Town Hall, London on 9 October 2011. The wedding was a "low-key affair" attended
by a group of around 30 family and friends.[151] The couple had been dating
since November 2007.[152] A breast cancer survivor,[153] she is a member of the
board of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority as well as vice
president of a family-owned transportation conglomerate which owns New England
Motor Freight.[154]
Lifestyle
Drugs
McCartney's introduction to drugs started in Hamburg, Germany.[155] The Beatles
had to play for hours, and they were often given "Prellies" (Preludin) by German
customers or by Astrid Kirchherr (whose mother bought them). McCartney would
usually take one, but Lennon would often take four or five.[156]
McCartney remembered getting "very high" and giggling when The Beatles were
introduced to cannabis by Bob Dylan in New York, in 1964.[157] McCartney's use
of cannabis became regular, and he was quoted as saying that any future Beatles'
lyrics containing the words "high", or "grass" were written specifically as a
reference to cannabis, as was the phrase "another kind of mind" in "Got to Get
You into My Life".[158] John Dunbar's flat at 29 Lennox Gardens, in London,
became a regular hang-out for McCartney, where he talked to musicians, writers
and artists, and smoked cannabis.[79] In 1965, Barry Miles introduced McCartney
to hash brownies by using a recipe for hash fudge he found in the Alice B.
Toklas Cookbook.[159] During the filming of Help!, he occasionally smoked a
spliff in the car on the way to the studio during filming, which often made him
forget his lines.[160] Help! director Dick Lester said that he overheard "two
beautiful women" trying to cajole McCartney into taking heroin, but he
refused.[160]
McCartney's attitude about cannabis was made public in the 1960s, when he added
his name to an advertisement in The Times, on 24 July 1967, which asked for the
legalisation of cannabis, the release of all prisoners imprisoned because of
possession, and research into marijuana's medical uses. The advertisement was
sponsored by a group called Soma and was signed by 65 people, including The
Beatles, Epstein, RD Laing, 15 doctors, and two MPs.[161]
McCartney was introduced to cocaine by Robert Fraser, and it was available
during the recording of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.[162][163] He
admitted that he used the drug multiple times for about a year but stopped
because of the unpleasant comedown.[164]
In 1967, on a sailing trip to Greece[165] (with the idea of buying an island for
the whole group)[166] McCartney said everybody sat around and took LSD, although
McCartney had first taken it with Tara Browne, in 1966.[167][168] He took his
second "acid trip" with Lennon on 21 March 1967 after a studio session.[169]
McCartney was the first British pop star to openly admit to using LSD, in an
interview in the now-defunct Queen magazine.[170] His admission was followed by
a TV interview in the UK on ITN on 19 June 1967, and when McCartney was asked
about his admission of LSD use, he said:
I was asked a question by a newspaper, and the decision was whether to tell a
lie or tell him the truth. I decided to tell him the truth ... but I really
didn't want to say anything, you know, because if I had my way I wouldn't have
told anyone. I'm not trying to spread the word about this. But the man from the
newspaper is the man from the mass medium. I'll keep it a personal thing if he
does too, you know ... if he keeps it quiet. But he wanted to spread it so it's
his responsibility, you know, for spreading it, not mine.
McCartney was not arrested by Norman Pilcher's Drug Squad, as Donovan and
several members of the Rolling Stones had been.[164] In 1972, however, police
found cannabis plants growing on his Scottish farm.[171]
On 16 January 1980, Wings went to Tokyo for 11 concerts in Japan.[172] As
McCartney was going through customs, officials found 7.7 ounces (218.3 g) of
cannabis in his luggage.[172] He was arrested and taken to a Tokyo prison while
the Japanese government decided what to do. McCartney had been previously denied
a visa to Japan (in 1975) because he had been convicted twice in Europe for
possession of cannabis.[164] Public figures called for McCartney to be put on
trial for drug-smuggling. Had he been convicted, he would have faced up to seven
years in prison.[172] The Wings Japanese tour was cancelled and the other
members of Wings left Japan. After ten days in jail, McCartney was released and
deported. He was told that he would not be welcome in Japan again, although a
decade later he played a concert in Tokyo.[172] In 1984, Paul and Linda
McCartney were both arrested for possession of cannabis.[173][174]
In an interview in 2004 he stated that he no longer smoked marijuana; he also
admitted to taking heroin, LSD and cocaine but said his drug use was never
excessive.[175]
Meditation
On 24 August 1967, McCartney met the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the London Hilton,
and later went to Bangor, in North Wales, to attend a weekend 'initiation'
conference, at which time he and the other Beatles learned Transcendental
Meditation (TM).[176] "The whole meditation experience was very good and I still
use the mantra. . . I find it soothing and I can imagine that the more you were
to get into it, the more interesting it would get." [177] The time McCartney
later spent in India at the Maharishi's ashram was highly productive, as
practically all of the songs that would later be recorded for The White Album
and Abbey Road were composed there by McCartney, Lennon, or both together.[178]
Although McCartney was told that he was never to repeat the mantra to anyone
else, he did tell Linda McCartney,[179] and said he meditated a lot while he was
in jail in Japan.[177] In 2009, McCartney, along with Ringo Starr, headlined a
benefit concert at Radio City Music Hall, raising three million dollars for the
David Lynch Foundation to fund instruction in Transcendental Meditation for
at-risk youth.[180][181]
Activism
Paul and Linda McCartney became outspoken vegetarians and animal-rights
activists. They said that their vegetarianism was realised when they happened to
see lambs in a field as they ate a meal of lamb.[182] McCartney has also
credited the 1942 Disney film Bambi – in which the young deer's mother is shot
by a hunter – as the original inspiration for him to take an interest in animal
rights.[183] In his first interview after Linda's death, he promised to continue
working for animal rights.[184][185]
In 1999, McCartney spent £3,000,000 to make sure Linda McCartney's food range
remained free of GM ingredients.[186] In 2002, McCartney gave his support to a
campaign against a proposed ban on the sale of certain vitamins, herbs, and
mineral products in the European Union.[187] Following his marriage to Heather
Mills, McCartney joined with her to campaign against landmines;[188][189] both
McCartney and Mills are patrons of Adopt-A-Minefield.[188] In 2003, he played a
personal concert for the wife of a wealthy banker and donated his one million
dollar fee to the charity.[190] He also wore an anti-landmines t-shirt on the
Back in the World tour.[189]
In 2006, the McCartneys travelled to Prince Edward Island to bring international
attention to the seal hunt (their final public appearance together). Their
arrival sparked attention in Newfoundland and Labrador where the hunt is of
economic significance.[191] The couple also debated with Newfoundland's Premier
Danny Williams on the CNN show Larry King Live. They further stated that the
fishermen should quit hunting seals and begin a seal watching business.[192]
McCartney has also criticised China's fur trade[193][194] and supports the Make
Poverty History campaign.[195]
McCartney has been involved with a number of charity recordings and
performances. In 2004, he donated a song to an album to aid the "US Campaign for
Burma", in support of Burmese Nobel Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi,[196] and he
had previously been involved in the Concerts for the People of Kampuchea, Ferry
Aid, Band Aid, Live Aid, and the recording of "Ferry Cross the Mersey" (released
8 May 1989) following the Hillsborough disaster.[197][198]
In 2008, he donated a song to Aid Still Required's CD to assist with the
restoration of the devastation done to Southeast Asia from the 2004 Tsunami.
In a December 2008 interview with Prospect Magazine, McCartney mentioned that he
tried to convince the Dalai Lama to become a vegetarian. In a letter to the
Dalai Lama, McCartney took issue with Buddhism and meat-eating being considered
compatible, saying, "Forgive me for pointing this out, but if you eat animals
then there is some suffering somewhere along the line." The Dalai Lama replied
to McCartney by saying his doctors advised him to eat meat for health reasons.
In the interview McCartney said, "I wrote back saying they were wrong."[199]
Football
The Beatles were advised by Epstein to make no comments about the football clubs
they supported because it could alienate some fans, though it was well known
that McCartney was a supporter of Everton Football Club, and that his father and
relatives used to take him to matches.[200][201] His allegiance later shifted to
Liverpool F.C.,[202][203] as on 28 July 1968, The Beatles were photographed in a
photographer's studio at 192–212 Gray's Inn Road, with McCartney wearing a
Liverpool F.C. rosette.[204] Linda McCartney later said: "We spent last night
listening to Liverpool football team on the radio, wanting them to win so badly.
Paul supports Liverpool. He was for Everton for a while because of his family —
but it's all Liverpool now."[202][205][206]
Lennon and McCartney were present to watch the 1966 FA Cup Final at Wembley,
between Everton and Sheffield Wednesday, and McCartney attended the 1968 FA Cup
Final (18 May 1968) which was played by West Bromwich Albion against
Everton.[207] After the end of the match, McCartney shared cigarettes and whisky
with other football fans.[206] The ex-Liverpool player, Albert Stubbins, was the
only footballer shown on the Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band cover.[201]
McCartney tried to listen (on a radio) to the Liverpool v Manchester United 1977
FA Cup Final, while sailing in the Caribbean,[201] and the video for McCartney's
"Pipes of Peace" (in 1983) recreated the 1915 football game played between
German and British troops during World War I, at Christmas.[208][209]
At the end of the live version of "Coming Up" recorded in Glasgow in 1979 (later
to become a US number one single) the crowd begins to sing "Paul McCartney!"
until McCartney takes over and changes the chant to "Kenny Dalglish!", referring
to the current Liverpool and Scotland striker. At the same concert, Gordon
Smith, former football player who played for Rangers and Brighton & Hove Albion,
met the McCartneys, and later accepted an invitation to visit their home in East
Sussex in 1980. Smith later said that McCartney was "thrilled I knew Kenny
Dalglish", to which Linda added: "I like Gordon McQueen of Man United", and
Smith replied, "I know him too."[210]
McCartney attended the 1986 FA Cup Final between Liverpool and Everton,[206] and
in 1989, he contributed to the "Ferry Cross the Mersey" charity single that was
recorded to aid victims of the Hillsborough Disaster, which happened during a
match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest.[211] McCartney performed at the
Liverpool F.C. Anfield stadium on 1 June 2008, as a part of Liverpool's European
Capital of Culture year.[212] Dave Grohl from the Foo Fighters sang with
McCartney on "Band on the Run", and played drums on "Back in the U.S.S.R.". Ono
and Olivia Harrison attended the concert, along with Ken Dodd, and the former
Liverpool F.C. football manager Rafael Benítez.[213][214][215]
In an interview in 2008, McCartney ended speculation about his allegiance when
he said:
"Here's the deal: my father was born in Everton, my family are officially
Evertonians, so if it comes down to a derby match or an FA Cup final between the
two, I would have to support Everton. But after a concert at Wembley Arena I got
a bit of a friendship with Kenny Dalglish, who had been to the gig and I thought
'You know what? I am just going to support them both because it's all Liverpool
and I don't have that Catholic-Protestant thing.' So I did have to get special
dispensation from the Pope to do this but that's it, too bad. I support them
both. They are both great teams, but if it comes to the crunch, I'm
Evertonian."[216]
In 2010, there was heavy speculation surrounding McCartney that he was to head
up a consortium launching a take-over bid for struggling Charlton Athletic.
Links between the club and the famous musician go a long way back with
Charlton's famous supporters anthem – Valley, Floyd Road – using the tune and a
number of lyrics from the Wings song "Mull of Kintyre".[217]
Business
McCartney is one of Britain's wealthiest musicians, with an estimated fortune of
£750 million ($1.2 billion) in 2009,[218] although Justice Bennett, in his
judgement on McCartney's divorce case found no evidence that McCartney was worth
more than £400 million. In December 1998, he was approached to purchase a stake
in Everton Football Club by former school friend Bill Kenwright who wished to
put a consortium together but McCartney chose to decline the offer.[219] In
addition to his interest in Apple Corps, McCartney's MPL Communications owns a
significant music publishing catalogue, with access to over 25,000
copyrights.[220] McCartney earned £40 million in 2003, making him Britain's
highest media earner.[221] This rose to £48.5 million by 2005.[222] In the same
year he joined the top American talent agency Grabow Associates, who arrange
private performances for their richest clients. Northern Songs was established
in 1963, by Dick James, to publish the songs of Lennon–McCartney.[223]
The Beatles' partnership was replaced in 1968 by a jointly held company, Apple
Corps, which continues to control Apple's commercial interests. Northern Songs
was purchased by Associated Television (ATV) in 1969, and was sold in 1985 to
Michael Jackson. For many years McCartney was unhappy about Jackson's purchase
and handling of Northern Songs.[224]
MPL Communications is an umbrella company for McCartney's business interests,
which owns a wide range of copyrights,[225] as well as the publishing rights to
musicals.[226] In 2006, the Trademarks Registry reported that MPL had started a
process to secure the protections associated with registering the name "Paul
McCartney" as a trademark.[227] The 2005 films, Brokeback Mountain[228] and Good
Night, and Good Luck, feature MPL copyrights.[229]
In April 2009, it was revealed that McCartney, in common with other wealthy
musicians, had seen a significant decline in his net worth over the preceding
year. It was estimated that his fortune had fallen by some £60m, from £238m to
£175m.[230] The losses were attributed to the ongoing global recession, and the
resultant decline in value of property and stock market holdings.[230]
Critique,
recognition and achievements
McCartney is listed in The Guinness Book Of Records as the most successful
musician and composer in popular music history with sales of 100 million singles
and 60 gold discs,[231] "Sir Paul McCartney became the Most Successful
Songwriter who has written/co written 188 charted records, of which 91 reached
the Top 10 and 33 made it to No.1 totalling 1,662 weeks on the chart (up to the
beginning of 2008)."[232]
In the US, McCartney has achieved thirty-two number-one singles on the Billboard
Hot 100, including twenty-one with The Beatles,[7] one as a co-writer on Elton
John's cover of "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds",[10] nine solo, with Wings or
other collaborators,[8] and one as the composer of "A World Without Love", a
number one single for Peter and Gordon.[9] In the UK, McCartney has been
involved in more number-one singles than any other artist under a variety of
credits, although Elvis Presley has achieved more as a solo artist. McCartney
has twenty four number-one singles in the UK, including seventeen with the
Beatles, one solo, and one each with Wings, Stevie Wonder, Ferry Aid, Band Aid,
Band Aid 20 and one with "The Christians et all".[6] McCartney is the only
artist to reach the UK number one as a soloist ("Pipes of Peace"), duo ("Ebony
and Ivory" with Stevie Wonder), trio ("Mull of Kintyre", Wings), quartet ("She
Loves You", The Beatles), quintet ("Get Back", The Beatles with Billy Preston),
and as part of a musical ensemble for charity (Ferry Aid).[233]
McCartney was voted the "Greatest Composer of the Millennium" by BBC News Online
readers and McCartney's song "Yesterday" is thought to be the most covered song
in history with more than 2,200 recorded versions[3] and according to the BBC,
"The track is the only one by a UK writer to have been aired more than seven
million times on American TV and radio and is third in the all-time list. Sir
Paul McCartney's Yesterday is the most played song by a British writer this
century in the US."[4] After its 1977 release, the Wings single "Mull of
Kintyre" became the highest-selling record in British chart history, and
remained so until 1984.[234] (Three charity singles have since surpassed it in
sales; the first to do so, in 1984, was Band Aid's "Do They Know It's
Christmas?" in which McCartney was a participant.)
On 2 July 2005, he was involved with the fastest-released single in history. His
performance of "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" with U2 at Live 8 was
released only 45 minutes after it was performed, before the end of the
concert.[235] The single reached number six on the Billboard charts, just hours
after the single's release, and hit number one on numerous online download
charts across the world.[236] McCartney played for the largest stadium audience
in history when 184,000 people paid to see him perform at Maracanã Stadium in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 21 April 1990.[237]
McCartney's scheduled concert in St Petersburg, Russia was his 3,000th concert
and took place in front of 60,000 fans in Russia, on 20 June 2004.[238] Over his
career, McCartney has played 2,523 gigs with The Beatles, 140 with Wings, and
325 as a solo artist.[239] Only his second concert in Russia, with the first
just the year before on Moscow's Red Square as the former Communist U.S.S.R. had
previously banned music from The Beatles as a "corrupting influence", McCartney
hired three jets, at a reported cost of $36,000 (€29,800) (£28,000), to spray
dry ice in the clouds above Saint Petersburg's Winter Palace Square in a
successful attempt to prevent rain.[240]
The day McCartney flew into the former Soviet country, he celebrated his 62nd
birthday, and after the concert, according to RIA Novosti news agency, he
received a phone call from a fan; then-President Vladimir Putin, who telephoned
him after the concert to wish him a happy birthday.
In the concert programme for his 1989 world tour, McCartney wrote that Lennon
received all the credit for being the avant-garde Beatle,[71] and McCartney was
known as "baby-faced", which he disagreed with.[241] People also assumed that
Lennon was the "hard-edged one", and McCartney was the "soft-edged" Beatle,[23]
although McCartney admitted to "bossing Lennon around."[242] Linda McCartney
said that McCartney had a "hard-edge" – and not just on the surface – which she
knew about after all the years she had spent living with him.[23][243] McCartney
seemed to confirm this edge when he commented that he sometimes meditates, which
he said is better than "sleeping, eating, or shouting at someone".[179]
The minor planet 4148, discovered in 1983, was named "McCartney" in his honour.[244]
On 18 June 2006, McCartney celebrated his 64th birthday, a milestone that was
the subject of one of the first songs he ever wrote, at the age of sixteen,[245]
The Beatles' song "When I'm Sixty-Four". Paul Vallely noted in The Independent:
Paul McCartney's 64th birthday is not merely a personal event. It is a cultural
milestone for a generation. Such is the nature of celebrity, McCartney is one of
those people who has represented the hopes and aspirations of those born in the
baby-boom era, which had its awakening in the Sixties.
—Paul Vallely, 2006[246]
McCartney received his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 9 February 2012,
the last one of the Fab Four to receive the honor.[247]
McCartney will receive the MusiCares Person of the Year honour on 10 February
2012.[67]
Discography
Studio Albums
1970s
|
Year |
Album details |
Peak
chart positions |
Certifications
(sales thresholds) |
|
UK
[1] |
US
[2] |
AUS
[3][4] |
NZ
[5][6] |
NOR
[7][8] |
NLD
[9][10] |
FRA
[11][12] |
SWE
[13][14] |
JPN
[15][16] |
GER
[17][18] |
|
1970 |
McCartney
·
Released: 17 April
1970
·
Label: Apple |
2 |
1 |
3 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
* |
13 |
15 |
·
US: 2× Multi-Platinum[19]
·
CAN: Platinum[20] |
|
1971 |
Ram
(Paul & Linda McCartney)
·
Released: 17 May 1971
·
Label: Apple/EMI,
Capitol |
1 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
2 |
4 |
8 |
* |
8 |
22 |
·
US: Platinum[19]
·
CAN: Platinum[20] |
|
Wild Life
(Wings)
·
Released: 7 December
1971
·
Label: Apple/EMI,
Capitol |
11 |
10 |
3 |
9 |
4 |
6 |
* |
* |
15 |
47 |
·
US: Gold[19]
·
CAN: Gold[21] |
|
1973 |
Red Rose Speedway
(Paul McCartney & Wings)
·
Released: 30 April
1973
·
Label: Apple/EMI,
Capitol |
5 |
1 |
1 |
10 |
4 |
6 |
9 |
* |
13 |
— |
·
US: Gold[19]
·
UK:
Gold[22]
·
CAN: Platinum[21] |
|
Band on the Run
(Paul McCartney & Wings)
·
Released: 5 December
1973
·
Label: Apple/EMI,
Capitol |
1 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
* |
* |
11 |
15 |
·
US: 3× Multi-Platinum[19]
·
UK: Platinum [22]
·
FRA: Gold[23] |
|
1975 |
Venus and Mars
(Wings)
·
Released: 27 May 1975
·
Label: Capitol |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
* |
9 |
11 |
·
US: Platinum[19]
·
UK: Platinum [22]
·
CAN: Platinum[21] |
|
1976 |
Wings at the Speed of Sound
(Wings)
·
Released: 25 March
1976
·
Label: Capitol |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
7 |
4 |
32 |
·
US: Platinum[19]
·
UK: Gold[22]
·
FRA: Gold[24] |
|
1978 |
London Town
(Wings)
·
Released: 31 March
1978
·
Label: Parlophone
(Worldwide)
Capitol
(US) |
4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
6 |
·
US: Platinum[19]
·
UK: Gold [22]
·
FRA: Gold[24]
·
GER: Gold[25] |
|
1979 |
Back to the Egg
(Wings)
·
Released: 8 June 1979
·
Label: Parlophone
(worldwide)
Columbia
(North
America) |
6 |
8 |
3 |
9 |
5 |
11 |
11 |
5 |
7 |
16 |
·
US: Platinum[19]
·
UK: Gold [22]
·
CAN: 2× Platinum
[21] |
1980s
|
Year |
Album details |
Peak
chart positions |
Certifications
(sales thresholds) |
|
UK
[1] |
US
[2] |
AUS
[3][4] |
NZ
[5][6] |
NOR
[7][8] |
NLD
[9][10] |
FRA
[11][12] |
SWE
[13][14] |
JPN
[15][16] |
GER
[17][18] |
|
1980 |
McCartney II
·
Released: 16 May 1980
·
Label: Parlophone
(worldwide)
Columbia
(North
America) |
1 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
5 |
11 |
2 |
5 |
8 |
19 |
·
US: Gold [19]
·
UK: Gold [26] |
|
1982 |
Tug of War
·
Released: 26 April
1982
·
Label: Parlophone
(worldwide)
Columbia
(North
America) |
1 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
·
US: Platinum[19]
·
UK: Gold [26]
·
FRA: Gold [23] |
|
1983 |
Pipes of Peace
·
Released: 31 October
1983
·
Label: Parlophone
(worldwide)
Columbia
(North
America) |
4 |
15 |
9 |
38 |
1 |
11 |
13 |
4 |
5 |
20 |
·
US: Platinum [19]
·
UK: Platinum [26]
·
CAN: Platinum
[20] |
|
1984 |
Give My Regards to Broad Street
·
Released: October 22,
1984
·
Label: Parlophone
(worldwide)
Columbia
(North
America) |
1 |
21 |
10 |
25 |
4 |
24 |
— |
9 |
6 |
25 |
·
US: Gold [19]
·
UK: Platinum [26]
·
CAN: Gold [20] |
|
1986 |
Press to Play
·
Released: 22 August
1986
·
Label: Parlophone,
Capitol, EMI |
8 |
30 |
22 |
— |
8 |
21 |
— |
17 |
11 |
30 |
·
UK: Gold
[26] |
|
1988 |
Снова в СССР
·
Released: 31 October
1988
·
Label: Melodiya
(Μелодия), EMI |
63 |
109 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
48 |
— |
|
|
1989 |
Flowers in the Dirt
·
Released: 5 June 1989
·
Label: Parlophone,
Capitol, EMI |
1 |
21 |
18 |
— |
1 |
15 |
8 |
2 |
9 |
9 |
·
US: Gold [19]
·
UK: Platinum [26]
·
CAN: Gold[20]
·
FRA: Gold [23]
·
GER: Gold[27]
·
SWE: Gold [28]
·
SWI: Gold [29] |
1990s
|
Year |
Album details |
Peak
chart positions |
Certifications
(sales thresholds) |
|
UK
[1] |
US
[2] |
AUS
[3][4] |
NZ
[5][6] |
NOR
[7][8] |
NLD
[9][10] |
FRA
[11][12] |
SWE
[13][14] |
JPN
[15][16] |
GER
[17][18] |
|
1993 |
Off the Ground
·
Released: 1 February
1993
·
Label: Parlophone,
Capitol, EMI |
5 |
17 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
15 |
10 |
5 |
2 |
·
US: Gold[19]
·
UK: Silver [26]
·
AUT: Gold[30]
·
CAN: Gold [20]
·
FRA: Gold [23]
·
GER: Platinum
[27]
·
SWI: Gold [29] |
|
1997 |
Flaming Pie
·
Released: 5 May 1997
·
Label: Parlophone,
Capitol, EMI |
2 |
2 |
9 |
23 |
3 |
9 |
23 |
11 |
14 |
6 |
·
US: Gold [19]
·
UK: Gold [26]
·
NOR: Gold [31] |
|
1999 |
Run Devil Run
·
Released: 4 October
1999
·
Label: Parlophone,
Capitol, EMI |
12 |
27 |
— |
— |
12 |
53 |
55 |
23 |
30 |
21 |
·
UK: Gold [26] |
2000s
|
Year |
Album details |
Peak
chart positions |
Certifications
(sales thresholds) |
|
UK
[1] |
US
[2] |
AUS
[3][4] |
NZ
[5][6] |
NOR
[7][8] |
NLD
[9][10] |
FRA
[11][12] |
SWE
[13][14] |
JPN
[15][16] |
GER
[17][18] |
|
2001 |
Driving Rain
·
Released: 12 November
2001
·
Label: Parlophone,
Capitol, EMI |
46 |
26 |
— |
— |
18 |
— |
33 |
— |
27 |
23 |
·
US: Gold [19]
·
UK: Silver [26] |
|
2005 |
Chaos and Creation in the Backyard
·
Released: 12 September
2005
·
Label: Parlophone,
Capitol, EMI |
10 |
6 |
33 |
— |
8 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
19 |
4 |
·
US: Gold [19]
·
UK: Gold [26]
·
CAN: Gold [20]
·
FRA: Gold [23]
·
RUS: Gold [32] |
|
2007 |
Memory Almost Full
·
Released: 4 June 2007
·
Label: Hear Music/MPL |
5 |
3 |
33 |
— |
4 |
6 |
13 |
3 |
17 |
18 |
·
US: Gold [19]
·
CAN: Gold [20]
·
RUS: Platinum
[33] |
2010s
|
Year |
Album details |
Peak
chart positions |
Certifications
(sales thresholds) |
|
UK
[1] |
US
[2] |
AUS
[3][4] |
NZ
[5][6] |
NOR
[7][8] |
NLD
[9][10] |
FRA
[11][12] |
SWE
[13][14] |
JPN
[15][16] |
GER
[17][18] |
|
|
2012 |
Kisses on the Bottom
·
Released: 7 February
2012
·
Label: Hear Music/MPL |
3 |
5 |
15 |
* |
7 |
5 |
4 |
8 |
13 |
9 |
|
|
|
* indicates unknown chart positions. "—" denotes releases that did not
chart. |
(Source: Wikipedia at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney_discography)
Tours
With Wings
Wings University Tour - 11 shows in the UK, 1972
Wings Over Europe Tour - 26 shows throughout Europe, 1972
Wings 1973 UK Tour - 21 shows in the UK, 1973
Wings Over the World Tour - 66 shows over the world, 1975-76
Wings UK Tour 1979 - 19 shows in the UK, 1979 + 1 show on December 29, 1979 (the
last of the 4 Concerts for the People of Kampuchea)
Solo Tours
|
Tour
Name |
Begin |
End |
Nº
Shows |
Gross Revenue |
|
The
Paul McCartney World Tour |
September 26, 1989 |
July
29, 1990 |
104 |
|
|
Unplugged 1991 Summer Tour |
May 8,
1991 |
July
24, 1991 |
6 |
|
|
The New
World Tour |
February 18, 1993 |
December 16, 1993 |
79 |
|
|
Driving
USA Tour |
April
1, 2002 |
May 18,
2002 |
24 |
$126,100,000[1] |
|
Back In
The U.S. Tour |
September 21, 2002 |
October
29, 2002 |
23 |
|
Driving
Mexico Tour |
November 2, 2002 |
November 5, 2002 |
3 |
|
Driving
Japan Tour |
November 11, 2002 |
November 18, 2002 |
5 |
|
Back in
the World tour |
March
25, 2003 |
June 1,
2003 |
33 |
|
|
'04
Summer Tour |
May 25,
2004 |
June
26, 2004 |
14 |
|
|
The
'US' Tour |
September 17, 2005 |
November 30, 2005 |
37 |
$60,000,000
[2] |
|
Summer
Live '09 |
July
11, 2009 |
August
19, 2009 |
10 |
$33,650,567[3] |
|
Good
Evening Europe Tour |
December 2, 2009 |
December 22, 2009 |
8 |
|
|
Up and
Coming Tour |
March
28, 2010 |
June
10, 2011 |
38 |
|
|
On the
Run Tour |
July
15, 2011 |
December 20, 2011 |
19 |
|
(Source: Wikipedia at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Paul_McCartney_concert_tours)
* * * *
References
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