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Shirley
Temple (born April 23, 1928), born Shirley Jane
Temple, is an American film and television actress,
singer, dancer, autobiographer, and former U.S.
Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia. She began
her film career in 1932 at the age of four (thought
by the public to be three)[citation needed], and in
1934, skyrocketed to superstardom in Bright Eyes, a
feature film designed specifically for her talents.
She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in
February 1935, and film hits such as Curly Top and
Heidi followed year after year during the
mid-to-late 1930s. Licensed merchandise that
capitalized on her wholesome image included dolls,
dishes, and clothing. Her box office popularity
waned as she reached adolescence, and she left the
film industry at the age of 12 to attend high
school. She appeared in a few films of varying
quality in her mid-to-late teens, and retired
completely from films in 1950 at the age of 22. She
was the top box-office draw four years in a row
(1935–38) in a Motion Picture Herald poll.[1][2]
Temple
returned to show business in 1958 with a two-season
television anthology series of fairy tale
adaptations. She made guest appearances on various
television shows in the early 1960s and filmed a
sitcom pilot that was never released. She sat on the
boards of many corporations and organizations
including The Walt Disney Company, Del Monte Foods,
and the National Wildlife Federation. In 1967, she
ran unsuccessfully for United States Congress, and
was appointed United States Ambassador to Ghana in
1974 and to Czechoslovakia in 1989. In 1988, she
published her autobiography, Child Star. Temple is
the recipient of many awards and honors including
Kennedy Center Honors and a Screen Actors Guild Life
Achievement Award.
****
Background Information
Born
Shirley Jane Temple[note 1]
April
23, 1928 (1928-04-23) (age 83)
Santa
Monica, California, U.S.
Residence Woodside, California
Nationality American
Other
names Shirley Jane Temple
Education: Tutors; Private high school
Alma
mater Westlake School for Girls (1940–1945)
Occupation:
Film
actress (1932–50)
TV
actress/entertainer (1958–65)
Public
servant (1969–92)
Autobiographer (1988)
Years
active 1932–50 (film actress)
Known
for Juvenile film roles
Notable
works: Bright Eyes; The Little Colonel; Curly Top;
Wee Willie Winkie; Heidi; The Little Princess; Since
You Went Away; The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer;
Fort Apache; Shirley Temple's Storybook; Child Star;
et. al. Often confused for playing in Annie although
she was not a part of that production.
Home
town Los Angeles, California
Television Shirley Temple's Storybook (1958–1958);
The Shirley Temple Show (1960–1961)
Political party: Republican
Religion: Methodist
Spouses:
John
Agar (1945–50, divorce)
Charles
Alden Black (1950–2005, his death)
Children:
Linda
Susan (Linda Susan Agar)
Charlie
Jr. (Barton Sunday)
Lori
Alden Black
Parents: George Francis Temple, Gertrude (nee
Krieger) Temple
Relatives: Brothers- John Stanley,George Francis,
Jr.
Awards:
Academy
Award
Kennedy
Center Honors
Screen
Actors Guild Life Achievement Award
Website: http://www.shirleytemple.com
****
Early years
Shirley
Jane Temple was born on April 23, 1928 in Santa
Monica, California. She is the daughter of Gertrude
Amelia Temple (née Krieger), a homemaker, and George
Francis Temple, a bank employee. The family was of
German, Dutch, and English ancestry.[3][4] She had
two brothers, George Francis, Jr. and John
Stanley.[4][5][6] Mrs. Temple encouraged her infant
daughter's singing, dancing, and acting talents, and
in September 1931 enrolled her in Meglin's Dance
School in Los Angeles, California.[7][8][9] About
this time, she began styling Shirley's hair in
ringlets similar to those of silent film star Mary
Pickford.[10]
In
January 1932, Temple was signed by Educational
Pictures following a talent search at the dance
school. She appeared in a series of one-reelers
called Baby Burlesks,[11][12][13][14] and a series
of two-reelers called Frolics of Youth playing Mary
Lou Rogers, a youngster in a contemporary suburban
family.[15] To underwrite production costs at
Educational, Temple and her child co-stars modeled
for breakfast cereals and other products.[16][17]
She was loaned to Tower Productions for a small role
in her first feature film Red-Haired Alibi in
1932,[18][19] and, in 1933, to Universal, Paramount,
and Warner Bros. for various bit parts.[20][21]
Fox films
Educational Pictures declared bankruptcy in 1933 and
Temple signed with Fox Films in February
1934.[22][23] She appeared in bit parts and was
loaned to Paramount and Warner Bros. for bit
parts.[24] In April 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became
Temple's breakthrough film. Her charm was evident to
Fox heads and she was promoted well before the
film's release. Within months, she became the symbol
of wholesome family entertainment.[25] Her salary
was raised to $1,250 a week, and her mother's to
$150 as coach and hairdresser.[26] In June, her
success continued with a loan-out to Paramount for
Little Miss Marker.[27][28]
On
December 28, 1934, Bright Eyes was released. It was
the first feature film crafted specifically for
Shirley's talents and the first in which her name
appeared above the title.[29][30] Her signature song
"On the Good Ship Lollipop" was introduced in the
film and sold 500,000 sheet music copies. The film
demonstrated Temple's ability to portray a
multi-dimensional character and established a
formula for her future roles as a lovable,
parentless waif whose charm and sweetness mellow
gruff older men.[31] In February 1935, Temple became
the first child star to be honored with a miniature
Juvenile Oscar for her 1934 film
accomplishments,[32][33][34][note 2] and added her
foot and hand prints to the forecourt at Grauman's
Chinese Theatre a month later.[35]
Twentieth Century-Fox
Fox
Films merged with Twentieth Century Pictures to
become Twentieth Century-Fox in 1934. Producer and
studio head Darryl F. Zanuck focused his attention
and resources upon cultivating Temple's superstar
status. With four successful films to her credit,
she was the studio's greatest asset. Nineteen
writers known as the Shirley Temple Story
Development team created 11 original stories and
some adaptations of the classics for her.[36][note
3]
Biographer Anne Edwards writes about the tone and
tenor of Temple films under Zanuck, "This was
mid-Depression, and schemes proliferated for the
care of the needy and the regeneration of the
fallen. But they all required endless paperwork and
demeaning, hours-long queues, at the end of which an
exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each
person as a faceless number. Shirley offered a
natural solution: to open one's heart."[37] Edwards
points out that the characters created for Temple
would change the lives of the cold, the hardened,
and even the criminal with positive results.[37]
Edwards quotes a nameless filmographer: "She
assaults, penetrates, and opens [the flinty
characters] making it possible for them to give of
themselves. All of this returns upon her at times
forcing her into situations where she must decide
who needs her most. It is her agony, her cavalry,
and it brings her to her most despairing moments ...
Shirley's capacity for love ... was indiscriminate,
extending to pinched misers or to common hobos, it
was a social, even a political, force on a par with
democracy or the Constitution."[38] Temple films
were seen as generating hope and optimism, and
President Franklin D. Roosevelt said, "It is a
splendid thing that for just a fifteen cents an
American can go to a movie and look at the smiling
face of a baby and forget his troubles."[39][note 4]
Most
Temple films were cheaply made at $200,000 or
$300,000 per picture and were comedy-dramas with
songs and dances added, sentimental and melodramatic
situations aplenty, and little in the way of
production values. Her film titles are a clue to the
way she was marketed—Curly Top and Dimples, and her
"little" pictures such as The Little Colonel and The
Littlest Rebel. Temple often played a fixer-upper, a
precocious Cupid, or the good fairy in these films,
reuniting her estranged parents or smoothing out the
wrinkles in the romances of young couples. She was
very often motherless, sometimes fatherless, and
sometimes an orphan confined to a dreary asylum.[40]
Elements of the traditional fairy tale were woven
into her films: wholesome goodness triumphing over
meanness and evil, for example, or wealth over
poverty, marriage over divorce, or a booming economy
over a depressed one.[41] As Temple matured into a
pre-adolescent, the formula was altered slightly to
encourage her naturalness, naïveté, and
tomboyishness to come forth and shine while her
infant innocence, which had served her well at six
but was inappropriate for her tweens, was toned
down.[40]
1935–1937
At
Zanuck's request, Temple's parents agreed to four
films a year from their daughter (rather than the
three they wished), and the child star's contract
was reworked with bonuses to sweeten the deal. A
succession of films followed: The Little Colonel,
Our Little Girl, Curly Top, and The Littlest Rebel
in 1935. Curly Top and The Littlest Rebel were named
to Variety's list of top box office draws for
1935.[42] In 1936, Captain January, Poor Little Rich
Girl, Dimples,[note 5] and Stowaway were released.
Based
on Temple's many screen successes, Zanuck increased
budgets and production values for her films. In
1937, John Ford was hired to direct the sepia-toned
Wee Willie Winkie (Temple's own favorite) and an
A-list cast was signed that included Victor
McLaglen, C. Aubrey Smith, and Cesar Romero.[43][44]
The film was a critical and commercial hit,[43] but
British film critic Graham Greene muddied the waters
in October 1937 when he wrote in a British magazine
that Temple was a "complete totsy" and accused her
of being too nubile for a nine-year-old:
Her
admirers—middle-aged men and clergymen—respond to
her dubious coquetry, to the sight of her
well-shaped and desirable little body, packed with
enormous vitality, only because the safety curtain
of story and dialogue drops between their
intelligence and their desire.[45]
Temple
and Twentieth Century-Fox sued for libel and won.
The settlement remained in trust for Temple in an
English bank until she turned twenty-one, when it
was donated to charity and used to build a youth
center in England.[46][47]
The
only other Temple film released in 1937 was Heidi,
which, according to Edwards, was a story suited to
Temple's "slightly more mature personality".[46]
Edwards points out that Temple's hair had darkened
and her ringlets brushed back into curls. Temple's
theatrical instincts had sharpened, Edwards
observes, and she suggested the Dutch song and dance
dream sequence.[48] After minor disagreements about
the dance steps with the other children in the
scene, director Allan Dwan had badges made reading
'Shirley Temple Police'. Every child was issued one
after swearing allegiance and obedience to Temple.
Shirley wore one reading 'Chief'.[49]
1938–1940
In
1938, Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, Little Miss
Broadway, and Just Around the Corner were released.
The latter two were panned by the critics, and
Corner was the first Temple film to show a slump in
ticket sales.[50] The following year, Zanuck secured
the rights to the children's novel, A Little
Princess, believing the book would be an ideal
vehicle for Temple. He budgeted the film at $1.5
million (twice the amount of Corner) and chose it to
be her first Technicolor feature. The Little
Princess was a 1939 critical and commercial success
with Temple's acting at its peak. Convinced Temple
would successfully move from child star to teenage
actress, Zanuck declined a substantial offer from
MGM to star Temple as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz
and cast her instead in Susannah of the Mounties,
her last money-maker for Twentieth
Century-Fox.[51][52] The film was lackluster and
dropped Temple from number one box-office favorite
in 1938 to number five in 1939.[53]
In
1940, Temple starred in two consecutive flops at
Twentieth Century-Fox, The Blue Bird and Young
People[54][55] Temple's parents bought up the
remainder of her contract and sent her at the age of
12 to Westlake School for Girls, an exclusive
country day school in Los Angeles.[56] At the
studio, Temple's bungalow was renovated, all traces
of her tenure expunged, and the building reassigned
as an office complex.[55]
Last films and
retirement
Within
a year of her departure from Twentieth
Century-Fox,[note 6] MGM signed Temple for her
comeback, and made plans to team her with Judy
Garland and Mickey Rooney first for the Andy Hardy
series, and then when that idea was quickly
abandoned, teaming Temple with Garland and Rooney
for the musical Babes on Broadway. However,
realizing that both Garland and Rooney could easily
upstage Temple, MGM replaced Shirley in that film
with Virginia Weidler. As a result, Temple's only
film for Metro became Kathleen in 1941, a story
about an unhappy teenager. The film was not a
success and her MGM contract was canceled after
mutual consent. Miss Annie Rooney followed for
United Artists in 1942, but it too was
unsuccessful.[note 7] The actress retired for almost
two years from films, throwing herself into school
life and activities.[57]
In
1944, David O. Selznick signed Temple to a personal
four-year contract. She appeared in two wartime hits
for him: Since You Went Away and I'll Be Seeing You.
Selznick however became involved with Jennifer Jones
and lost interest in developing Temple's career. She
was loaned to other studios with Kiss and Tell, The
Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer,[note 8] and Fort
Apache being her few good films at the time.[58]
According to biographer Robert Windeler, her 1947–49
films neither made nor lost money, but "had a
cheapie B look about them and indifferent
performances from her".[59] Selznick suggested she
move abroad, gain maturity as an actress, and even
change her name. She had been typecast, he warned
her, and her career was in perilous straits.[59][60]
After auditioning for and losing the role of Peter
Pan on the Broadway stage in August 1950,[61] Temple
took stock, admitted her recent movies had been poor
fare, and announced her official retirement from
films on December 16, 1950.[59][62]
Temple-related
merchandise and endorsements
Many
Temple-inspired products were manufactured and
released during the 1930s. Ideal Toy and Novelty
Company in New York City negotiated a license for
dolls with the company's first doll wearing the
polka-dot dress from Stand Up and Cheer!. Shirley
Temple dolls realized $45 million in sales before
1941.[63] A mug, a pitcher, and a cereal bowl in
cobalt blue with a decal of Temple were given away
as a premium with Wheaties.
Successfully-selling Temple items included a line of
girls' dresses and accessories, soap, dishes, cutout
books, sheet music, mirrors, paper tablets, and
numerous other items. Before 1935 ended, Temple's
income from licensed merchandise royalties would
exceed $100,000, doubling her income from her
movies. In 1936, her income would top $200,000 from
royalties. She endorsed Postal Telegraph, Sperry
Drifted Snow Flour, the Grunow Teledial radio,
Quaker Puffed Wheat,[63] General Electric, and
Packard automobiles.[31][note 9]
Marriages and children
In
1943, 15-year-old Temple met John George Agar
(1921–2002), an Army Air Corps sergeant, physical
training instructor, and scion of a Chicago
meat-packing family.[64][65] On September 19, 1945,
when Temple was barely 17 years old, they were
married before 500 guests in an Episcopal ceremony
at Wilshire Methodist Church.[23][66][67] On January
30, 1948, Temple gave birth to their daughter, Linda
Susan.[23][68][69] Agar became a professional actor
and the couple made two films together: Fort Apache
(1948, RKO) and Adventure in Baltimore (1949,
RKO).[69] The marriage became troubled,[69][70] and
Temple divorced Agar on December 5, 1949.[31][69]
She received custody of their daughter and the
restoration of her maiden name.[69][71][72] The
divorce was finalized on December 5, 1950.
In
January 1950, Temple had met Charles Alden Black, a
WWII United States Navy Silver Star hero and
Assistant to the President of the Hawaiian Pineapple
Company.[73][74] Conservative and patrician, he was
the son of James B. Black, the president and later
chairman of Pacific Gas and Electric, and reputedly
one of the richest young men in California.[74]
Temple and Black were married in his parents' Del
Monte, California home on December 16, 1950, before
a small assembly of family and friends.[23][74][75]
The
family relocated to Washington, D.C. when Black was
recalled to the Navy at the outbreak of the Korean
War.[76] Temple gave birth to their son, Charles
Alden Black, Jr., in Washington, D.C. on April 28,
1952.[23][77][78] Following the war's end and
Black's discharge from the Navy, the family returned
to California in May 1953. Black managed television
station KABC-TV in Los Angeles, and Temple became a
homemaker. Their daughter Lori was born on April 9,
1954.[23] In September 1954, Black became director
of business operations for the Stanford Research
Institute and the family moved to Atherton,
California.[79] The couple, married for 54 years,
remained married until his death on August 4, 2005,
at home in Woodside, California of complications
from a bone marrow disease.[80]
Television
Between
January and December 1958 Temple hosted and narrated
a successful NBC television anthology series of
fairy tale adaptations called Shirley Temple's
Storybook. Temple acted in three of the sixteen
hour-long episodes, and her children made their
acting debuts in the Christmas episode, "Mother
Goose".[81][82] The series was popular but faced
some problems. The show lacked the special effects
necessary for fairy tale dramatizations, sets were
amateurish, and episodes were telecast in no regular
time-slot, making it difficult to generate a
following.[83] The show was reworked and released in
color in September 1960 in a regular time-slot as
The Shirley Temple Show (also known as Shirley
Temple Theater).[84][85] It faced stiff competition
from a popular western and a Disney program however,
and was canceled at season's end in September
1961.[86]
Temple
continued to work on television, making guest
appearances on The Red Skelton Show, Sing Along with
Mitch, and other shows.[84] In January 1965, she
portrayed a social worker in a sitcom pilot called
Go Fight City Hall that was never released.[87] In
1999, she hosted the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars
awards show on CBS, and, in 2001, served as a
consultant on an ABC-TV production of her
autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple
Story.[citation needed]
Motivated by the popularity of Storybook and
television broadcasts of Temple's films, the Ideal
Toy Company released a new version of the Shirley
Temple doll and Random House published three fairy
tale anthologies under Temple's name. Three hundred
thousand dolls were sold within six months and
225,000 books between October and December 1958.
Other merchandise included handbags and hats,
coloring books, a toy theater, and a recreation of
the Baby, Take a Bow polka-dot dress.[88]
Life after Hollywood
Political ambitions
Following her venture into television, Temple became
active in the Republican Party in California, where,
in 1967, she ran unsuccessfully for the United
States House of Representatives in a special
election to fill a vacant seat.[89][90] She ran as a
conservative and lost to liberal Republican Pete
McCloskey, a staunch opponent of the Vietnam
War.[91]
Breast Cancer
In the
autumn of 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast
cancer. The tumor was malignant and removed, and a
modified radical mastectomy performed. Following the
operation, she announced it to the world via radio,
television, and a February 1973 article for the
magazine McCall's. In doing so, she became one of
the first prominent women to speak openly about
breast cancer.[92]
She was
appointed Representative to the 24th General
Assembly of the United Nations by President Richard
M. Nixon (September – December 1969),[93][94] and
was appointed United States Ambassador to Ghana
(December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President
Gerald R. Ford.[95] She was appointed first female
Chief of Protocol of the United States (July 1, 1976
– January 21, 1977), and was in charge of
arrangements for President Jimmy Carter's
inauguration and inaugural ball.[95][96] She served
as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia
(August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having been
appointed by President George H. W. Bush.[31]
Corporation commitments
Temple
has served on numerous boards of directors of large
enterprises and organizations including The Walt
Disney Company, Del Monte, Bank of America, the Bank
of California, BANCAL Tri-State, Fireman's Fund
Insurance, the United States Commission for UNESCO,
the United Nations Association, and the National
Wildlife Federation.[97]
Awards and honors
Temple
is the recipient of many awards and honors including
a special Juvenile Academy Award,[23] the Life
Achievement Award from the American Center of Films
for Children,[95] the National Board of Review
Career Achievement Award,[98] Kennedy Center
Honors,[99][100] and the Screen Actors Guild Life
Achievement Award.[101] On September 11, 2002, a
life-size bronze statue of the child Temple by
sculptor Nijel Binns was erected on the Fox Studio
lot.[102]
On
March 14, 1935, Temple left her footprints and
handprints in the wet cement at the forecourt of
Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood.
Filmography
****
References
Notes
1.^
While Temple occasionally used Jane as a middle
name, her birth certificate reads "Shirley Temple".
Temple's birth certificate was altered to prolong
her babyhood shortly after she signed with Fox in
1934; her birth year was advanced from 1928 to 1929.
Even her baby book was revised to support the 1929
date. She admitted her real age when she was 21
(Burdick 5; Edwards 23n,43n).
2.^
Temple was presented with a full-sized Oscar in 1985
(Edwards 357).
3.^ In
keeping with her star status, Winfield Sheehan, head
of Fox Films before the merge, had built Temple a
four-room bungalow at the studio with a garden, a
picket fence, a tree with a swing and a rabbit pen.
The living room wall was painted with a mural
depicting Temple as a fairy tale princess wearing a
golden star on her head. Under Zanuck, Temple was
assigned a bodyguard, John Griffith, a childhood
friend of Zanuck's (Edwards 77), and, at the end of
1935, Frances "Klammie" Klampt became Temple's tutor
at the studio (Edwards 78).
4.^
Temple and her parents traveled to Washington, D.C.
late in 1935 to meet President Roosevelt and his
wife Eleanor. The presidential couple invited the
Temple family to a cook-out at their home in Hyde
Park, New York where Eleanor, bending over an
outdoor grill, was hit smartly in the rear with a
pebble from the slingshot Temple carried everywhere
in her little lace purse (Edwards 81).
5.^ In
Dimples, Temple was upstaged for the first time in
her film career by Frank Morgan who played Professor
Appleby with such zest as to render Temple almost
the amateur (Windeler 175).
6.^ In
1941, Temple worked radio with four shows for Lux
soap and a four-part Shirley Temple Time for Elgin.
Of radio she said, "It's adorable. I get a big
thrill out of it, and I want to do as much radio
work as I can." (Windeler 43)
7.^
Temple received her first on-screen kiss in the film
(from Dickie Moore, on the cheek) (Edwards 136).
8.^
Temple took her first on-screen drink (and spit it
out) in Bobby-Soxer. The Women's Christian
Temperance Union protested that unthinking teenagers
might do the same after seeing Temple in the film
(Life Staff 140).
9.^ In
the 1990s, audio recordings of Temple's film songs
and videos of her films were released with Temple
receiving no profits. Dolls continued to be released
as well as porcelain dolls authorized by Temple and
created by Elke Hutchens. The Danbury Mint released
plates and figurines depicting Temple in her film
roles, and, in 2000, a porcelain tea set (Burdick
136)
Footnotes
1.^
Balio 227
2.^
Windeler 26
3.^
Edwards 15,17
4.^ a b
Windeler 16
5.^
Edwards 15
6.^
Burdick 3
7.^
Edwards 29–30
8.^
Windeler 17
9.^
Burdick 6
10.^
Edwards 26
11.^
Edwards 31
12.^
Black 14
13.^
Edwards 31–4
14.^
Windeler 111
15.^
Windeler 113,115,122
16.^
Black 15
17.^
Edwards 36
18.^
Black 28
19.^
Edwards 37,366
20.^
Edwards 267–9
21.^
Windeler 122
22.^
Black 31
23.^ a
b c d e f g Edwards 355
24.^
Edwards 370–4
25.^
Barrios 421
26.^
Windeler 135
27.^
Edwards 62
28.^
Windeler 122,127
29.^
Edwards 67
30.^
Windeler 143
31.^ a
b c d Thomas; Scheftel
32.^
Black 98–101
33.^
Edwards 80
34.^
Windeler 27–8
35.^
Black 72
36.^
Edwards 74–5
37.^ a
b Edwards 75
38.^
Edwards 76
39.^
Edwards 75–6
40.^ a
b Balio 227–8
41.^
Zipes 518
42.^
Balio 228
43.^ a
b Windeler 183
44.^
Edwards 104–5
45.^
Edwards 105,363
46.^ a
b Edwards 106
47.^
Windeler 35
48.^
Edwards 107
49.^
Edwards 111
50.^
Edwards 120–1
51.^
Edwards 122-3
52.^
Windeler 207
53.^
Edwards 124
54.^
Burdick 268
55.^ a
b Edwards 128
56.^
Windeler 38
57.^
Windeler 43–5
58.^
Windeler 49,51–2
59.^ a
b c Windeler 71
60.^
Edwards 206
61.^
Edwards 209
62.^
Black 479–81
63.^ a
b Black 85–6
64.^
Edwards 147
65.^
Windeler 53
66.^
Edwards 169
67.^
Windeler 54
68.^
Black 419–21
69.^ a
b c d e Windeler 68
70.^
Edwards 199–200
71.^
Black 449
72.^
Edwards 199
73.^
Edwards 207
74.^ a
b c Windeler 72
75.^
Edwards 211
76.^
Edwards 215
77.^
Edwards 217
78.^
Windeler 72–3
79.^
Windeler 74
80.^
Dawicki 2005
81.^
Edwards 231,233,393
82.^
Windeler 255
83.^
Burdick 112-3
84.^ a
b Edwards 393
85.^
Burdick 115
86.^
Burdick 115-6
87.^
Edwards 235–6,393
88.^
Edwards 233
89.^
Edwards 243ff
90.^
Windeler 80ff
91.^
Sean Howell (Wednesday, July 1, 2009). "Documentary
salutes Pete McCloskey". The Almanac Online.
Embarcadero Publishing Co..
http://www.almanacnews.com/story.php?story_id=8242.
Retrieved 2010-01-01.
92.^
Windeler 96–7
93.^
Edwards 356
94.^
Windeler 85
95.^ a
b c Edwards 357
96.^
Windeler 105
97.^
Edwards 318,356–7
98.^
"Shirley Temple Black". The National Board of
Review.
http://www.nbrmp.org/search/?search=Shirley%20Temple.
Retrieved 2009-10-29.
99.^
"History of Past Honorees". The John F. Kennedy
Center for the Performing Arts.
http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/specialevents/honors/history.cfm#yr1998.
Retrieved 2009-10-28.
100.^
Burdick 136
101.^
"Shirley Temple Black: 2005 Life Achievement
Recipient". Screen Actors Guild. Archived from the
original on 2008-09-07.
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"The Shirley Temple Monument". Nijart.
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Tino (1995) [1993]. Grand Design: Hollywood as a
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Barrios, Richard (1995). A Song in the Dark: The
Birth of the Musical Film. Oxford University Press.
ISBN 0-19-508810-7.
Black,
Shirley Temple (1989) [1988]. Child Star: An
Autobiography. Warner Books, Inc.. ISBN
0-446-35792-8.
Burdick, Loraine (2003). The Shirley Temple Scapbook.
Jonathan David Publishers, Inc.. ISBN 0-8246-0449-0.
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Shelley (August 10, 2005). "In Memoriam: Charles A.
Black". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
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Retrieved February 10, 2011.
Edwards, Anne (1988). Shirley Temple: American
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Staff (1946-09-16). "Tempest Over Temple: Shirley
sips liquor and the W.C.T.U. protests". Life 21
(12): 140.
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Andy; Scheftel, Jeff (1996), Shirley Temple: The
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Bogle,
Donald (2001) [1974]. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes,
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*
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